2. Objectives: Determine the different properties of matter
Distinguish between mass and volume
Recognize physical and chemical changes of
matter
– is anything that has mass and takes up space. It is composed of
tiny particles called molecules.
– are small particles made up of two or more atoms that are
joined together by chemical bonds.
– is the basic unit of a chemical element.
Properties and Compositions of Matter
- tells its features as what you have observe upon it.
- include any traits that can be measured.
3. – it describes the appearance of matter which
include , , , ,
, , , and .
Two kinds of physical properties: and properties.
1. - is a property of matter that depends only on
the type of matter in a sample and not on the amount. Examples:
color, texture, thickness and temperature. The folding of red towel,
it is still red when folded. Slicing the melon into halves the texture
which is shiny is the same.
4. Extensive property - is a property that depends on the amount
of matter in a sample. and are examples of
extensive properties.
A. Mass – is the amount of matter in an object.
Gravity – is a pull of a bigger body such as planet on an object.
This gravity pulls these molecules towards the center of the
earth.
WEIGHT – affected by both its mass and the pull of gravity
(gravityearth = 9.8 m/s2
Example: If you weighs 45 kilograms here on earth, in the
moon you weighs maybe 39 kgs. Because moon’s gravity is
relatively weak.
All objects if thrown upward always goes down due to gravity.
5. – is the amount of matter contained in a given space. Mass
can also be affected by density.
The egg placed in brine water floated, while the one in fresh
water did not. When brine is dissolved in water it adds to the
mass of the water. This makes the water denser than without
brine. The density of egg remains the same no matter where you
bring it and whatever the amount of gravity is in that place. But if
you bring the same egg to the moon, it loses its weight but its
density remains the same.
6. Weighing scale – is used to measure the weight of a person and other goods, like
rice, sugar, fish, and flour.
Weight measurement is in terms of milligrams ( mg ), grams (g) and kilograms ( kg )
b. Volume - is a measure of the amount of space occupied by that
object, and is not to be confused with mass.
7. CHANGES IN MATTER
Physical change – the structure of matter is change but its
composition is not.
Ex. Cutting of wood, bending paper, clay or metal.
It occurs when the temperature of the
surroundings is low/cold.
Examples:
water to ice cubes
droplets to snow
Chocolate syrup to chocolate bar
Candle wax to candle
Oil to frozen oil
8. When heated or heat applied, solid changes to liquid.
Ice cubes into water
Melted ice cream
Candle to candle wax
Melted butter in a pan
Chocolate bar to syrup
Physical change – only modifies the state of matter. It does not
change the component of materials.
9. Chemical change -
Moth balls when exposed to air they tend
to change its size into smaller pieces.
Solid to Gas
Water vapor to ice - Water vapor transforms directly into ice
without becoming a liquid, a process that often occurs on windows
during the winter months.
Gas to Solid
10. Chemical change - when one chemical substance is transformed into
one or more different substances, such as when iron becomes rust.
Chemical changes occur through the process of chemical reactions, and
the resulting substances have different properties because their atoms
and molecules are arranged differently.
Example:
