This document provides an overview of key chemistry concepts related to biology. It discusses matter and the three main subatomic particles. It describes the three main types of bonds - ionic bonds, covalent bonds, and hydrogen bonds. It focuses on organic chemistry, explaining that carbon forms complex biological molecules and that the four main types of organic compounds are proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. It also discusses water and its properties, including cohesion, adhesion, and polarity. Finally, it briefly describes carbohydrates, starch, proteins and lipids.

1. The Chemistry of Life
Biology Unit 2 Mid Unit Review
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

2. Quick Tip!
• Complete the LABORATORY Biological Molecules for a
better outlook in this test!
• If you are just researching then you can move on
ahead .
• Click the slideshow button for better preview! I’ve
added some animations that might seem unclear in
the standard view.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

3. Matter
• Matter is made up of atoms.
• Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space.
• It is made up of three particles that you may
already are fond of-
• The number of protons gives the atomic
number and atom its personality. Atoms
bond when electrons interact.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

4. • Ionic Bonds – do not share electrons!
• One atom in the bond gives up an electron to another atom.
• Ionic: Taken not shared
• Covalent Bonds – share electrons!
• The most organic molecules form covalent bonds
• They are the strongest of all bonds.
• Electrons in this bond are shared equally.
• Covalent: Shared
• Hydrogen Bonds – not really bonds…
• This is what makes water STICK!
BONDS
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

5. Organic Chemistry
• You are made up of biological molecules,
Carbon makes very complex biological
molecules.
• Carbon has 4 valance electrons and 4
covalent bonds.
• Why is carbon important?
• If there is no carbon in it, it is not organic.
4 main types of organic compounds are
Proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and nucleic
acids.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun
Carbon Atom

6. Water
• Cohesion and adhesion are types of hydrogen bonding.
• Cohesion: is an attraction between the same kind of
substances or molecules
• Adhesion: an attraction between the molecules of one
substance and the molecule of another substance.
Water Review
• Water sticks to itself the way a bunch of magnets stick
together.
• In water molecules oxygen attracts the electrons more
strongly so the Oxygen end of the molecule becomes
negative and the Hydrogen becomes positive.
• Example of water sticking together is when there is
microgravity in space. And on spider-webs!
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

7. Polar Molecules
• Molecules are polar because they share
electrons unevenly in a covalent bond.
• Polar molecules stick because of hydrogen
bonds.
• They develop poles when the Oxygen part of
the molecule becomes negative and the
Hydrogen part becomes positive.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

8. Water Review (Continued…)
• Water sticks to little tubes that are on the inside
of trees.
• We can refer to this as the Capillary Effect.
• Adhesion happens in plants. Just like in a piece
of celery.
• Water is a universal solvent!
• Carbon has 4 bonds  Remember!
• Lipids are a type of an organic compound.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun

9. Carbohydrates, starch, protein and lipids!
• Carbohydrates are organic compounds made from Carbon, Hydrogen
and Oxygen.
• Iodine (as seen in our lab) determines/identifies starch.
• Copper Sulfate determines/identifies proteins.
• Sudan III determines/identifies lipids/fats.
Production of The Girl Under The Golden Sun