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1. Unit Title: Atoms
Invented Title: “You Always Matter!”
Background:
use simplest form
combines
through
classified
*attraction *sharing
v by change of -e
subparticles
creates amu determines
*highly unstable
ex.
Matter
Daily life
CovalentIonic
Food Fuel etc.Building
Material
s
Proton
(+) charge
Neutron
(0) charge
Electron
(-) charge
Atomic
Number
Isotopes
PlasmaGasLiquidSolid
evaporates
evaporatesmelts
AtomCompound

2. Materials:
Activity 1 (Solid, Liquid & Gas)
 Balloon
 Rubber Band
 Marbles 20-30 pcs.
 Glass Jar
 Scissors
Activity 2 (Molecule Model)
 3 Colored Papers (Black, Blue and Yellow)
 Stick
 Glue
 Cutter/Scissors
Procedures:
Activity 1 (Solid, Liquid & Gas)
Step 1: Gather all the materials mentioned above.
Step 2: Cut the balloon in a half with scissor.
Step 3: Put the marbles inside the container.
Step 4: Cover the top of the glass jar
with the cut balloon.
Step 5: Use the rubber band to
thoroughly seal the glass jar.
sun
Sublimes

3. Activity 2 (Molecule Model)
Step 1: Gather all needed materials.
Step 2: Cut the blue colored papers into big circles.
Step 3: Cut the black colored papers into big circles.
Step 4: Cut the yellow colored papers into small circles.
Step 5: Poke the center of the cut colored papers with the stick and
connect it to the other cut colored papers. The cut colored papers
will vary on the desired molecule model. (See picture 1, 2, 3 & 4)
Picture 1: Carbon Dioxide (CH2) Picture 2: Water (H2O)

4. Findings/ Presentation of Data:
The researchers found out in Activity 1 that matter - classified into solid, liquid
and gas – have different properties. A solid has a definite shape and fixed volume. A
liquid follows the shape of its container, has a free surface and has a fixed volume. A gas
follows the shape of the container and its volume is defined by the container.
Furthermore, the researchers found in Activity 2 that matter is a composition of
atoms better known as compounds. The manner in which they are structured is there
chemical bond. The four types of chemical bond are Ionic, covalent, polar and hydrogen
bond.
IONIC BOND. This chemical bond involves a transfer of an electron, so one atom
gains an electron while one atom loses an electron. One of the resulting ions carries a
negative charge (anion), and the other ion carries a positive charge (cation). Because
opposite charges attract, the atoms bond together to form a molecule.
Covalent bond. The most common bond in organic molecules, a covalent bond
involves the sharing of electrons between two atoms. The pair of shared electrons forms
a new orbit that extends around the nuclei of both atoms, producing a molecule. There
are two secondary types of covalent bonds that are relevant to biology — polar bonds
and hydrogen bonds.
Polar bond. Two atoms connected by a covalent bond may exert different
attractions for the electrons in the bond, producing an unevenly distributed charge. The
result is known as a polar bond, an intermediate case between ionic and covalent
bonding, with one end of the molecule slightly negatively charged and the other end
slightly positively charged.
These slight imbalances in charge distribution are indicated in the figure by lowercase
delta symbols with a charge superscript (+ or –). Although the resulting molecule is
O3) Picture 4: Methane (CH4)

5. neutral, at close distances the uneven charge distribution can be important. Water is an
example of a polar molecule; the oxygen end has a slight positive charge whereas the
hydrogen ends are slightly negative. Polarity explains why some substances dissolve
readily in water and others do not.
Hydrogen bond. Because they’re polarized, two adjacent H2O (water) molecules
can form a linkage known as a hydrogen bond, where the (electronegative) hydrogen
atom of one H2O molecule is electrostatically attracted to the (electropositive) oxygen
atom of an adjacent water molecule.
Consequently, molecules of water join together transiently in a hydrogen-bonded
lattice. Hydrogen bonds have only about 1/20 the strength of a covalent bond, yet even
this force is sufficient to affect the structure of water, producing many of its unique
properties, such as high surface tension, specific heat, and heat of vaporization.
Hydrogen bonds are important in many life processes, such as in replication and
defining the shape of DNA molecules.
Conclusion:
Generalization/ Recommendation:
Generally, matter can be classified into states – solid, liquid, gas or plasma. These
states of matter have distinguishing physical properties from each other. In addition,
matter is structured in a chemical bond referred to as ionic, covalent, polar or hydrogen.
Usually, the bond is a result of shared electrons from different atoms; thus forming a
compound.
We recommend that discoveries involving matter must be introduced or studied
such that the community is benefitted in these discoveries.
References:
https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/Images/state.jpg
http://www.dummies.com/education/science/anatomy/4-types-of-chemical-
bonds/