Spatial planning are often still differentiating strictly between urban and rural development. This dichotomy and the resulting administrative boundaries do not reflect the realities of highly interconnected areas anymore. The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of socio economic problems related to metropolitan cities. Where metropolitan-scale planning does occur, it's typically related to “hard policies” such as urban planning, public transport, and infrastructure, leaving “soft policies” such as education, health, and social services fragmented across jurisdictional boundaries.

1. METROPOLITAN AREAS - PROBLEMS & SOLUTIONS
&
URBAN ART COMMISION

2. WHAT ARE
METROPOLITAN
AREAS?
• Metropolitan area, also
called Metropolis, is a
major city together with
its suburbs and nearby
cities, towns, and environs
over which the major city
exercises a commanding
economic and social
influence.
• ‘Metropolis’,from the
Greek word means
“mother city,” and by
implication there are
progeny or descendants
scattered about the core
area.
• Sometimes there may be
two or more major cities,
as in the Tokyo–Yokohama
Metropolitan Area (Japan)
or an agglomeration of
metropolitan boroughs as
in Greater London
(England).
• An urbanized area is
defined as having a
population of at least
50,000, and a population
density of at least 1,000
per square mile.

3. MAJOR METROPOLITAN CHALLENGES
• Spatial planning are often still differentiating
strictly between urban and rural development.
• This dichotomy and the resulting administrative
boundaries do not reflect the realities of highly
interconnected areas anymore.
• The sheer magnitude of the urban population,
haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas,
and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main
causes of socio economic problems related to
metropolitan cities.
• Where metropolitan-scale planning does occur, it's
typically related to “hard policies” such as urban
planning, public transport, and infrastructure,
leaving “soft policies” such as education, health,
and social services fragmented across jurisdictional
boundaries.
Overcrowding in the streets

4. MAJOR PROBLEMS IN METROPOLITAN AREAS
Some of the major problems in Metropolitan Areas
are:
1. Urban Sprawl
• Urban sprawl or real expansion of the cities, both
in population and geographical area, of rapidly
growing cities is the root cause of urban problems.
• In most cities the economic base is incapable of
dealing with the problems created by their
excessive size. Massive migration from rural areas
as well as from small towns into big cities has taken
place almost consistently; thereby adding to the
size of cities.
• Large cities act as magnets and attract large
number of immigrants by dint of their employment
opportunities and modern way of life.
Urban Sprawl (Las Vegas Nevada)

5. 2. Overcrowding
• Overcrowding is a situation in which too many people
live in too little space. Overcrowding is a logical
consequence of overpopulation in urban areas.
• It is naturally expected that cities having a large size
of population squeezed in a small space must suffer
from overcrowding. This is well exhibited by almost all
the metropolitan cities of India.
3. Unemployment
• The growth of economic opportunities fails to keep
pace with the quantum of immigration.
• The limited capacity of metropolitan areas could not
create enough employment opportunities and absorb
the rapid growth of the urban labour force.
• Urban unemployment in India is estimated at 15 to 25
per cent of the labour force. This percentage is even
higher among the educated people.
Southern Railway Overcrowding
Unemployment

6. 4. Housing & Slum Settlements
• Overcrowding leads to a chronic problem of
shortage of houses in urban areas. This problem is
specifically more acute in those urban areas
where there is large influx of unemployed or
underemployed immigrants who have no place to
live in when they enter cities/towns from the
surrounding areas.
• The lack of integration of slum inhabitants into
urban life reflects both, the lack of ability and
cultural barriers.
• Unplanned and haphazard growth of urban areas
is the growth and spread of slums and squatter
settlements which present a striking feature in
the ecological structure of metropolitan centers.
Slums in Mumbai

7. 5. Transport
• Since most of the commercial activities of the towns
are concentrated in the Central Business District
(C.B.D.), the centres are areas of greatest congestion.
However, other parts of the town are not free from
traffic congestion.
• The traffic scenario in almost all the Indian metro
cities presents a pathetic picture with Mumbai still
having the best city transport system and Chennai,
Ahmedabad and Pune being reasonably well served by
local transport system.
6. Sewerage Problem
• According to latest estimates, only 35-40 per cent of
the urban population have the privilege of sewage
system.
• Most cities do not have proper arrangements for
treating the sewage waste and it is drained into a
nearly river or in sea, thereby polluting the water
bodies.
Traffic Congestion
Water Pollution

8. SOLUTION TO
URBANIZATION
1. Building Sustainable and Environmentally-friendly Cities Governments
should pass laws that plan and provide environmentally sound cities and smart
growth techniques, considering that people should not reside in unsafe and
polluted areas. The objective here is to build sustainable cities that embrace
improved environmental conditions and safe habitats for all urban populations.
Governments should also encourage sustainable use of urban resources and
support an economy based on the sustainable environments such as
investment in green infrastructure, sustainable industries, recycling and
environmental campaigns, pollution management, renewable energy, green
public transportation, and water recycling and reclamation.
2. Provision of Essential Services Urban stakeholders must ensure all
populations within the urban areas have access to adequate essential social
services namely education, health, sanitation and clean water, technology,
electricity, and food. The objective here is to provide and implement
employment opportunities and wealth creation activities so that people can earn
a living to pay for the maintenance of the services. Subsidies can also be
availed by the government to lower the costs of basic healthcare, basic
education, energy, education, public transportation, communication systems
and technology.

9. • Creation of More Jobs To lessen the negative effects of rapid urbanization while at the same time conserving
natural ecosystems, private investments should be encouraged so as to utilize natural resources and create more
job opportunities. Tourism promotion and the sustainable exploitation of natural resources can create more jobs
for urban populations. Subsidies and grants may as well be provided to foreign and private investment in
environmentally friendly development projects that encourage job creation.
• Population Control Key stakeholders in urban areas must provide campaigns and counseling for effective
medical health clinics and family planning to help reduce the high rates of population growth. Medical health
clinics oriented towards family planning options must be made accessible across the entire urban area with the
objective of controlling diseases and population growth.

10. URBAN ART COMMISSION
URBAN ART COMMISSION (UAC) is an authority or
panel of experts having expertise on art, culture,
architecture, town planning, management etc, for
formulating guidelines for planning development
in the cities prolonging the inherited property

11. MAIN MOTIVE • UAC creates opportunities for artists and
neighbourhoods to connect and shape spaces through
public art.
• UAC aspires for art to be integral to a thriving and
equitable Memphis. For this to be true, UAC believes that
artists must be supported in advancing their careers and
recognized as creative problem solvers, and the people
most directly impacted by arts programming must be
involved in identifying the goals and structures of those
programs.
• UAC recognizes that a work is one component of a larger
arts ecosystem in Memphis and that strategic and
thoughtful partnerships across organizations and sectors
must be in place to realize this vision

12. ● In June 2018, the UAC board formally adopted a new five-year strategic plan to support the
mission and vision of the organization.
● The goals outlined in that plan are as follows-
●to increase the number of Memphis-based artists with the capacity to participate in public art.
●Increase visibility and connections to public art in neighbourhoods across the city through
sustained reciprocal relationships.
●Expand the scope of public art produced by UAC across the city.
UAC provides expert services in the development of art in public spaces. Working with a variety of
clients and stakeholders, they oversee site details and permissions,contracting with artists, facilitating
design and installation of projects and make maintenance recommendations.

13. STRATEGIES ● Strategies and objectives that support the goals of UAC are
broken out between the three key functions of work:
programming, engagement and commissions.
● For each goal, UAC is exploring new strategies across each of
these functions that include augmenting and shifting existing
practices as well as creating new practices.
● Strategies in 2019 include expanding communications for
artists and residents supporting greater awareness and
connection to our programs and resources available,
formalizing feedback opportunities to continually improve the
project development process, and exploring new platforms for
public art such as event-based and temporary projects.

14. DELHI URBAN ART
COMMISSION
• The first UAC was established in Delhi 1974 and
Delhi was the only state to have a Commission.
• The DUAC was established through an Act of
Parliament in 1974 to save Lutyens’ low-rise
garden city whose survival was threatened by
sprouting towers around the area in 1970s.
• Several activists, including architects, NGOs
joined hands to save the locality from getting
converted into a vertical city and eventually into
a concrete jungle.

15. PURPOSE OF DUAC
The purpose of setting up DUAC was to
"advise the Government of India in the
matter of preserving, developing and
maintaining the aesthetic quality of urban
and environmental design within Delhi
and to provide advice and guidance to any
local body in respect of any project of
building operations or engineering
operations or any development proposal
which affects or is like to affect the skyline
or the aesthetic quality of the
surroundings or any public amenity
provided therein

16. REFERENCES
• https://www.guidestar.org/profile/62-1791387
• https://www.guidestar.org/profile/62-1791387
• https://www.sawdust.online/spotlight/do-urban-art-commissions-matter/

17. THANK YOU