The document discusses mind reading machines, which use cameras and software to observe facial expressions and measure changes in blood flow in the brain to determine a person's emotions and mental states. It works by tracking 24 feature points on the face and measuring oxygen levels in the blood. This technology could help disabled people communicate and has applications in healthcare, gaming, transportation safety, and crime detection. However, it also raises privacy and security concerns if it extracts confidential personal information without consent.

1. Smt. Kamala & Sri Venkappa M Agadi College of Engineering
& Technology,Lakshmeshwar- 582 116
Department of Information Science & Engineering
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Presented By:
Rashmi Hemadri
2KA13IS031
“Mind Reading Computer”

2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• What Is Mind Reading Machine?
• Why Mind Reading?
• How Does It Work?
• Advantages and Applications
• Disadvantages
• Conclusion
• Reference
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3. INTRODUCTION
• People express their mental states, including emotions, thoughts
and desires, all the time through facial expressions, and gestures.
• Our mental states shape the decisions that we make, govern how
we communicate with others, and affect our performance.
• Some equipment are used to gather data & then analyzed to use
those data for further predictions of mind.
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WHAT IS MIND READING
MACHINE?
• The team in the Computer Laboratory at the University of
Cambridge has developed mind reading machine computers.
• With a special camera, the computer observes a person's
emotions through facial expressions.
• The computer does this by observing "feature points" --
prominent features on the face -- to measure movements of the
head or facial features.

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• Software from Nevenvision identifies 24 feature points on the
face and tracks them in real time.
Processing Stages of Mind Reading

6. WHY MIND READING?
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• The Mind Reading computer system presents information about
mental state as easily as a keyboard and mouse present text and
commands.
• The mind reading computer system may also be used to monitor
and suggest improvements in human –human interaction.
• To implement this system in cars, to detect driver’s mental states
such as drowsiness, distraction and anger.

7. HOW DOES IT WORK?
1. Neuroscience
• It deals with anatomy and molecular
biology of neurons.
• A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic
building block of the nervous system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit
information throughout the body.
• It is done by measuring oxygen level of
blood using FNIRS.
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8. Futuristic Head Band:  The mind reading actually involves
measuring the volume and oxygen level
of the blood around the subject’s brain
using technology called functional
near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).
 The user wears a futuristic head band
that sends light in that spectrum into
the tissues of the head where it is
absorbed by active, blood filled tissues.
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2. Techniques:
• Head Action Detection:
• Natural human head motion typically ranges between 70-90º of
downward pitch, 55º of upward pitch, 70º of yaw (turn), and
55º of roll (tilt), and usually occurs as a combination of all three
rotations [6].
• The output positions of the localized feature points are sufficiently
accurate to permit the use of efficient, image-based head pose
estimation.

10. • Facial Action Detection:
• Facial actions are identified
from feature points comprised of
motion, shape and color
descriptors. Motion and shape-
based analysis are particularly
suitable for a real time video.
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• system color based analysis is computationally efficient and is
invariant to the scale or viewpoint of the face, especially when
combined with feature localization. (i.e. limited to regions already
defines by feature point tracking).

11. ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
• Mind reading computer could
help paralyze patients,
handicapped people, and people
have been in comma, people
who cannot speak. For example
a prototype mind controlled
wheelchair developed from the
University of Electro
Communications is Japan.
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12. • By virtue of Mind reading computer one can play games without
mouse, keyboard or joystick.
• Using Mind reading technology, a car can tell whether the driver is
drowsy or not, potentially warning him or her to take a break.
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13. • Mind reading computer helps in space-walking and also helps
people who are unable to talk.
• Mind reading computer can send commands to rovers on other
planets and help injured astronauts.
• Using Mind reading technology crime detection will be easy.
• Scientists are researching ways to monitor motorists’ brain
waves using mind-reading computer to improve reaction times
in a crash.
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14. • Mind reading computer which are placed inside a robot's body
can be used for controlling robots.
• In future, using Mind reading technology, people will be able to
open doors and turn on their televisions with their minds.
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15. DISADVANTAGES
• It can extract important and confidential information through the
person which may be about the country
• Risk of being used in bad way
• Expensive
• No way to neutralize this technology
• If we aren’t good at predicting future behavior, we risk
criminalizing the innocent
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16. CONCLUSION
• Tufts University researchers have begun a three-year research
project which, if successful, will allow computers to respond to
the brain activity of the computer's user.
• Hence if we get 100% accuracy these computers may find
various applications in many fields of electronics where we
have very less time to react.
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17. REFERENCES
[1] Facestation tracking cti, 2002.
[2] S. Baron-Cohen and T. H. E. Tead. Mind reading: The interactive guide to
emotion, 2003.
[3] P. Ekman and W. Friesen. Facial Action Coding System: A technique for
the measurement of facial movement. Consulting Psychologists Press, 1978.
[4] R. el Kaliouby and P. Robinson. Real-time inference of complex mental
states from facial expressions and head gestures. In InternationalWorkshop
on Real-Time Computer Vision for Human Computer Interaction, 2004.
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18. [5] A. Garg, V. Pavlovic, and T. S. Huang. Bayesian networks as ensemble of
classifiers. In Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Pattern
Reconition, volume 2, pages 20779–220784, 2002.
[6] T. Kurz. Stretching Scientifically: A Guide to Flexibility Training. Stadion
Publishing Co, 2003.
[7] Y.-L. Tian, T. Kanade, and J. Cohn. Robust lip tracking by combining
shape, color and motion. In Proceedings of the 4th Asian Conference on
Computer Vision, January 2000.
[8] L. Wiskott, J. Fellous, N. Krger, and C. von der Malsburg. Face recognition
by elastic bunch graph matching. IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine
Intelligence, 19(7):775–779, 1997.
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