The document discusses mind reading technology that uses facial expression analysis and functional near-infrared spectroscopy to infer mental states. It can recognize emotions and allow communication without touching devices. While it has advantages in helping disabled people, it also raises privacy and security concerns if misused to extract confidential information against one's will. Researchers are working to develop more advanced systems using additional inputs like body language.

2.  Introduction
 What is Mind Reading?
 Why Mind Reading?
 How does it Work?
 Advantages and uses
 Disadvantages and Problems
 Conclusion

3.  People express their mental state, including
emotions, thoughts and desires, all time through facial
expression, vocal nuances and gesture
 Mind reading machine is co-ordination of human
psychology and computer techniques.
 Some Equipment are used to gather data & then analyzed.
To use those data for further prediction is known as
theory of mind reading.

4.  The team in the Computer Laboratory at the University of Cambridge has
developed Mind Reading Machines-Computers that implement
computational model of Mind Reading to infer mental states of people
from their facial signal.
 Prior Knowledge of how particular mental states are expressed in the face
is combined with analysis of facial expression and head gestures
occurring in real time.
 Software from Nevenvision identifies 24 feature point on the face and
tracks them in real time.
 For example, a combination of head node, with a smile and eyebrows
raised might mean interest.

6.  The Mind reading Computer system Present
information about your mental state as easily
as a keyboard and mouse present a text and
commands.
 Current project in Cambridge are considering
further input such as body posture and gesture
to improve the inference.
 We also looking at the use of Mind reading to
support online shopping and learning system.

7.  The mind-reading computer system may also be used to monitor and suggest
improvements in human-human interaction.
The Affective Computing Group at the MIT Media Laboratory is developing an
emotional-social intelligence prosthesis that explores new technologies to augment and
improve people’s social interactions and communication skills.
To implement this system in cars to detect driver mental states such as
drowsiness, distraction and anger.

8.  The mind reading actually
involves measuring the
volume and oxygen level of
the blood around the
subject’s brain using tech.
called functional near-
infrared spectroscopy
(fNIRS)
 The user wears a sort of
futuristic head band that
send light in that spectrum
in to the tissues of the head
where it is absorbed by
active, blood filled tissues.

9.  For the first test of
sensors, scientists trained the
program to recognize six words-
including ”go", "left” and
“right” -10 numbers.
 Then researchers put the letters
of the alphabet in to a matrix
with each column and row
labeled with a single digit
number.
 These were used to silently spell
”NASA” into a web search
engine using program.
 “This proved we could browse
the web without touching a
keyboard”.

11.  It deals with anatomy and molecular
biology of neurons.
 A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic
building block of the nervous system.
Neurons are specialized to transmit
information throughout the body.
 It is done by measuring oxygen level of
blood using FNIRS.

12.  Facial effect detection
It is done using hidden Markov Model, Neural Network
processing or active appearance model.
 Emotional Classification
Classification by Paul Ekman
Anger, Fear, Happiness, Disgust, Sadness, Surprise.

13. Facial Electromyography
It is used to measure electrical activity of
the facial Muscles. Muscles used are
”corruguator supercilii muscle” and others.
Galvanic Skin Response
It is a measure of Skin conductivity, Which
is dependent on how moist the skin is.

14. Blood Volume Pulse
It is measured by process called
photoplethysmography.
It produce a graph indicating blood
flow through the extremities.

15.  Can read minds
 Help paralytic patients
 Help Handicapped people
 Help Comma patients
 Help people who cant speak
 Can be used for military purposes & sting operations
 Can be combined with consoles & used for mind gaming,
robotics & stuff.
 Eliminate the capability to lie.

16.  Breach in privacy
 Can extract, through an individual, an
important, secure & confidential
information of individual, state or even a
country
 If developed or used by sinners, can be
highly dangerous
 Eavesdropping
 No way to neutralize this technology

17.  Tufts University researchers have begun a three-year
research project which, if successful, will allow computers to
respond to the brain activity of the computer's user.
 Users wear futuristic-looking head bands to shine light on
their foreheads, and then perform a series of increasingly
difficult tasks while the device reads what parts of the brain
are absorbing the light.
 That info is then transferred to the computer, and from there
the computer can adjust it's interface and functions to each
individual.