The document discusses a "mind-reading computer" system being developed that can analyze a person's facial expressions in real time to infer their underlying mental state, such as agreement, interest, or confusion. It works by measuring blood volume and oxygen levels around the brain using functional near-infrared spectroscopy sensors in a headband. Potential applications include predicting bankruptcy, facial recognition, marketing, and assisting paralyzed or disabled people by interpreting their thoughts. Challenges include privacy concerns and ensuring it can accurately read many different people. The research aims to enhance human-computer interaction through empathetic responses.

1. Mind Reading Computer
“human-computer interaction without
explicit user input”
Presented By
Shyam Sundar Chaurasiya
CSE 3rd Year

2. Contents
 Introduction
 Principle of Mind Reading
 Why Mind Reading
 How does it Work
 Process
 Techniques
 Application
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Conclusion

3. Introduction
 People express their mental states, including emotions,
thoughts, and desires, all the time through facial expressions
and gestures.
 This is true even when they are interacting with machines. Our
mental states shape the decisions that we make, govern how
we communicate with others, and affect our performance.
 the mind-reading computer system analyzes a person's facial
expressions in real time and infers that person's underlying mental
state, such as whether he or she is agreeing or disagreeing,
interested or bored, thinking or confused.

4. Principle of Mind Reading
A computational model of mind-reading
 The team in the Computer Laboratory at the University of
Cambridge has developed mind-reading machines —
computers that implement a computational model of mind-
reading to infer mental states of people from their facial signals.
 The goal is to enhance human-computer interaction through
empathic responses, to improve the productivity of the user and
to enable applications to initiate interactions with and on behalf
of the user, without waiting for explicit input from that user.
There are difficult challenges:

5. Why mind reading ?
 The mind-reading computer system presents information
about your mental state as easily as a keyboard and mouse
present text and commands.
Imagine a future where we are surrounded with mobile
phones, cars and online services that can read our
minds and react to our moods.
 How would that change our use of technology and our lives?
We are working with a major car manufacturer to
implement this system in cars to detect driver mental
states such as drowsiness, distraction and anger.

6. How does it work?
 The mind reading actually involves measuring the volume and oxygen
level of the blood around the subject's brain, using technology called
functional near-infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS).
 The user wears a sort of futuristic headband that sends light in that
spectrum into the tissues of the head where it is absorbed by active,
blood-filled tissues. The headband then measures how much light was
not absorbed, letting the computer gauge the metabolic demands that
the brain is making.
 The results are often compared to an MRI, but can be gathered with
lightweight, non-invasive equipment.

7. PROCESS OF MIND READING

8. PROCESS OF MIND READING

9. Applications
 Prediction of Bankruptcy.
 Facial recognition.
 Marketing.
 Knows what the Eye can see.
 Converts Thoughts into Speech.
 Can be used for Sting Operations.
 Help Paralytic Patients.
 Help to locked people

10. Advantages and uses
 This prototype mind-controlled wheelchair developed from the University of
Electro-Communications in Japan lets you feel like half Professor X and half
Stephen Hawking .
 A little different from the Brain-Computer Typing machine, this thing works by
mapping brain waves when you think about moving left, right, forward or back,
and then assigns that to a wheelchair command of actually moving left, right,
forward or back.
 The sensors have already been used to do simple web searches and may one day
help space-walking astronauts and people who cannot talk. The system could send
commands to rovers on other planets, help injured astronauts control machines, or
aid disabled people.


11. Advantages and uses…
 In everyday life, they could even be used to communicate on the sly - people
could use them on crowded buses without being overheard
 The finding raises issues about the application of such tools for screening
suspected terrorists -- as well as for predicting future dangerousness more
generally. We are closer than ever to the crime-prediction technology of
Minority Report.

12. Disadvantages and problems
 Tapping Brains for Future Crimes
 We aren't particularly good at rehabilitation, either, so even if we were
sufficiently accurate in identifying future offenders, we wouldn't really know
what to do with them.
 Nor is society ready to deal with the ethical and practical problems posed by
a system that classifies and categorizes people based on oxygen flow,
genetics and environmental factors that are correlated as much with poverty
as with future criminality.
 The preliminary tests may have been successful because of the short lengths
of the words and suggests the test be repeated on many different people to
test the sensors work on everyone.

13. Conclusion
 Tufts University researchers have begun a three-year research project which, if
successful, will allow computers to respond to the brain activity of the
computer's user. Users wear futuristic-looking headbands to shine light on
their foreheads, and then perform a series of increasingly difficult tasks while
the device reads what parts of the brain are absorbing the light. That info is
then transferred to the computer, and from there the computer can adjust it's
interface and functions to each individual.
 One professor used the following example of a real world use: "If it knew
which air traffic controllers were overloaded, the next incoming plane could be
assigned to another controller."

14. Queries

15. Thanks