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Chapter 1
1. Chapter 1
Introduction – Scope & Applications
Business Research is not an option – it is essential for survival
and growth
2.
3. Introduction – Scope & Applications
• Contents
• Introduction – Glimpses of Past Research
• Definitions of Research
• Research Perceptions
• Objectives of Research
• Motivation for Research – Individual and Organizational
• Types of Research
• - Basic, Pure, Conceptual & Fundamental
• - Applied
• - Empirical
• - Scientific
• - Social & Behavioral
• - Historical
• - Business
• - Exploratory
• - Descriptive
• - Causal
• - Normative
4. Contents
• Research Process
– The Process of Conducting Business Research – An
Overview
• Criteria, Characteristics and Challenges of a Good/ Ideal
Research
• Business Research in an Organization
• Relevance of Research for MBA Students.
• Guide to Conducting Research Projects by Students.
• Research in Management Institutions – Some Thoughts.
• Dissemination of Research.
• Indicative Topics for Business Research.
5. Definitions of Research
• “It is organised systematic data-based scientific inquiry, or
investigation into a specific problem undertaken with the
purpose of finding answers or solutions to it.”
• “The research provides the need that guides managers to
make informed decisions to deal with problems, successfully
collection of facts or observation and presenting them in a
systematic and logical manner.”
6. Objectives of Research
• To seek insight into an observed phenomena and explain its logic and
reasoning of happening. For example declining profitability.
• To help the mankind in solving the problems faced from time to time,
and make life more comfortable and entertaining. For example
telecommunication and e ticketing.
• To explore the possibility and methodology of doing things which
have not been done so far but are useful for the mankind, in general,
and an entity, in particular.
• To continuously improve the effectiveness of present systems and
procedures in any field. For example compensation, recruitment and
retention policies.
7. Objectives of Research
• Test or challenge existing beliefs, notions, etc. which have
not been empirically proved so far, with flux of time and
therefore need to be tested again for relevance in the
changed context / environment. For example relationship
between intelligence and creativity
• Explore into new areas that might have become relevant
or even might become relevant in the near future. For
example alternative sources of energy to reduce carbon
emissions.
• Anlayse the past data for discovering trends, patterns and
relationships. For example business performance, prices
of stock, oil, etc.
8. Motivation for Research
Motivation for Research by Individuals
• Desire for self advancement.
• Completion of mandatory assignment in professional
courses and career.
• Desire to get recognition and distinguishing oneself from
others by being the first to do something new
• Intellectual satisfaction.
• Spirit of accepting challenge.
• To enjoy the thrill of solving some unsolved problems or
making something ‘impossible’ as ‘possible’.
• To survive and grow in a competitive environment.
9. Motivation for Research in Organisations
Self Motivation
• The need for research is motivated by the desire to:
• Improve sales, profit, market share
• Improve rank among competitors
• Reduce cost of products / services / operations
• Increase ROI (Return on Investment)
• Diversification of products and services
• Entering new market
• Acquisition and Merger
• Improve quality of products / services
• Improve quality and productivity of systems
10. Motivation for Research in Organisations
Regulatory
• Liberalization
• Tax Incentives
Competition
• Regulatory Measures to allow new entrants in
a particular sector
• Entry of new ventures
• Entry into new market
• Shrinking of existing market
11. Motivation for Research in
Organisations
• Customer Driven
• Failure
• Technological Innovations
• Environmental Considerations
• Social
• Economic
• Infrastructure
• Operations / Process Driven
• Coping with Changes
12. Research
Coping with
Changes
Operations /
Process Driven
Infrastructure
Technological
Innovations
Competition
Failure
Customer
Driven
Self Motivation
Economic
Social Environmental
Considerations
Regulatory
Motivation for Research
13. Types of Research
• Basic, Pure, Conceptual & Fundamental
• Applied
• Empirical
• Historical
• Scientific
14. Types of Research
• Social & Behavioral
• Business
• Exploratory
• Descriptive
• Causal
• Normative
15. Types of Research
• Primary and Secondary Research
• Quantitative or Qualitative
17. Criteria for Ideal Research
– Objective should be clearly defined-both its conceptual
framework as well as its practical aspects.
– The research process should be detailed to ensure
comprehensiveness.
– The research design should be selected based on sound
logic and realistic assumptions
– Analysis should be appropriate leading to results that
would be relevant and adequate for decision making.
– All the assumptions made in the research design and
analysis should be stated.
– The findings and conclusions should be in consistent with
the results obtained in the analysis without adding
extraneous views.
•
18. Characteristics of Ideal Research
• It is conducted in a scientific and systematic
manner with sound logic
• The methodology and steps followed are as
per the stated plan
• The methodology is transparent and ‘visible’
• This enables another researcher to repeat or replicate
the research without any ambiguity
• Establishes credibility of research and its
conclusions
• Scope and limitations are clearly brought out.
It enables to draw the conclusions in a realistic
manner
20. Business Research in Organisations
• “What affects the productivity of employees and
systems?”
• “How to design organisational structure and work
systems that promote innovation?”
• “How to measure organisational effectiveness?”
• “How to channelize organisational conflicts in a
positive direction?”
• “How to exploit the full potential of staff?”
• “How to attract and retain the professional and
skilled talents?”
• “How to improve decision making under uncertain
environment and volatile changes?”
