This slide presentation will give an idea to the research scholars to design a questionnaire or test items for their research study.

1. ITEM ANALYSIS
5/18/2020
Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Dr.N.Ramakrishnan
Member Syndicate
Professor & Head
Department of Educational
Technology
Tamil Nadu Teachers Education
University
Chennai-600097

2. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Within psychometrics, Item analysis refers to statistical methods
used for selecting items for inclusion in a psychological test. The
concept goes back at least to Guildford (1936). The process of item
analysis varies depending on the psychometric model. For
example, classical test theory or the Rasch model call for different
procedures. In all cases, however, the purpose of item analysis is to
produce a relatively short list of items (that is, questions to be
included in an interview or questionnaire) that constitute a pure but
comprehensive test of one or a few psychological constructs.

3. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
To carry out the analysis, a large pool of candidate items, all of which
show some degree of face validity, are given to a large sample of
participants who are representative of the target population. Ideally,
there should be at least 10 times as many candidate items as the
desired final length of the test, and several times more people in the
sample than there are items in the pool. Researchers apply a variety
of statistical procedures to the responses to eliminate unsatisfactory
items. For example, under classical test theory, researcher discard
items if the answers:

4. Item Analysis
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
• Show little variation within the sample
• Are strongly correlated with one or more other items
• Weakly correlate with the totality of the remaining items, reflected in an
increase in Cronbach's alpha if the item is eliminated from the test
In practical test construction, item analysis is an iterative process, and
cannot be entirely automated. The psychometrician's judgement is required
to determine whether the emerging set of items to be retained constitutes a
satisfactory test of the target construct. The three criteria above do not
always agree, and a balance must be struck between them in deciding
whether or not to include an item.

5. PREPARATION OF WEIGHTAGE TABLES FOR PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL CRITERION TEST ON TAMIL FOR IX STANDARD
STUDENTS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
S.No. Content
1. Kambaramayanam- Arimugam
2. Kambaramayanam- padapPorul
3. Kambaramayanam- Sorporul
4. Kambaramayanam- Ilakkanakurippu
5. Kambaramayanam-Pahupatha Uruppilakkanam
6. Kambaramayanam-NoolKurippu
7. Kambaramayanam- Asiriyar Kurippu
8. Dhiravida Mozhigal- Arimugam
9. Mozhium Mozhikkudumbamum
10. India Mozhikkudumbangal
11. Dhiravida Mozhikkudumbam
12. Dhiravidam
13. Dhiravida Mozhihalul Thamizhikkuriya Idam
14. Thonmai Sirappu
15. Thalaimai Sirappu

6. PREPARATION OF WEIGHTAGE TABLES FOR PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL CRITERION TEST ON TAMIL FOR XI STANDARD
STUDENTS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
S.No. Content
16. Sevviyal Sirappu
17. Ezhthu – Ezhuthin Vagai
18. Alabedai- Alabedain Vagaigal
19. Uiralabedai- Vagaigal
20. Ottralabedai
21. Sirupanchamoolam – Arimugam
22. Sirupanchamoolam- Padaporul
23. Sirupanchamoolam - Ilakkanakurippu
24. Sirupanchamoolam- Pahupatha Uruppilakkanam
25. Sirupanchamoolam- Asiriyar Kurippu
26. Sirupanchamoolam- Nool Kurippu

7. WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT OF THE PRELIMINARY
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba
Ramayanam)
18
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian
Languages)
24
msngil ( Alabadai) 33
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja
Moolam)
16
Total 91

8. WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES OF THE PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
OBJECTIVES MARKS
KNOWLEDGE 29
UNDERSTANDING 54
APPLICATION 8
TOTAL 91

9. WEIGHTAGE TO QUESTIONS OF THE PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
QUESTIONS MARKS
OBJECTIVE TYPE 91
SHORT ANSWER TYPE -
ESSAY TYPE -
TOTAL 91

10. BLUE PRINT-TWO DIMENSIONAL CHART OF THE PRELIMINARY
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDING APPLICATIO
N
TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;g uhkhazk (Kamba
Ramayanam)
9(1) 9 (1 - 18(1)
jpuhtpl nkhopfs; (Dravidian
Languages)
3(1) 21(1) - 24(1)
msngil ( Alabadai) 13(1) 12(1) 8(1) 33(1)
rpW gQ;r %yk; ( Siru Panja
Moolam) 4(1) 12(1) 16(1)
TOTAL 29(1) 54(1) 8(1) 91

11. THE PILOT STUDY
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
The Preliminary Draft of the Criterion test Tool was prepared and it
consists of 91 items. Specific instructions for the learners, mentioning
time limit, method of answering etc., were instructed. The items were
presented to 50 students in XI Standard Tamil subject in the form of a
test and the scores were computed. One mark was given to each
correct responses and zero mark was given to each wrong response.
Then, the scores were arranged in the decreasing order. Using the
50 answer sheets, item – wise analysis was done. 27 percentage in
50 is 13.5. So, we have to take 14 students from right upper and 14
students from right lower.

12. ITEM ANALYSIS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item analysis is done in order to improve the reliability and validity of the test. Item
analysis consists of two parts. They are: i) Difficulty level ii) Discriminative Index.
Difficulty level indicates the percentage of students who found difficult to answer the
particular items. Discriminative index indicates the degree to which an item
distinguishes between the high achievers and the low achievers. The effectiveness
of a test can be increased by selection of items with suitable difficulty and
discriminative value. For carrying out item analysis the investigator followed the
following steps.
The valued answer sheets were arranged in the descending order of scores. After
the arrangement it was divided into three groups. The top 27 percent and the bottom
27 percent of the scores were considered for item Analysis. 27 percentage in 50 is
13.5. So, we have to take 14 students from right upper and 14 students from right
lower.

13. ITEM ANALYSIS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
The difficulty level and discriminative index for each item was calculated using the
formula.
Difficulty Level = (RH+RL) / N *100
Discriminative Index = (RH-RL) / ( N/2)
Where
RH refers to the number of students answered correctly from high achievement
group.
RL refers to the number of students answered correctly from low achievement
group.
N refers to the total number of students from both high and low achievement
groups.
In the present study, items with difficulty level ranging from 30 % to 80% and
discrimination index ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 were selected. The total number of the
selected items in the final test was 60.

14. 5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan

15. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF THE
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
ITEM NUMBER
CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
1 fk;g uhkhazk (Kamba
Ramayanam)
63.63636364 0 Rejected
2 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
3 ,, 63.63636364 0 Rejected
4 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
5 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
6 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
7 ,, 72.72727273 0.545454545 Accepted
8 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
9 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
10 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
11 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
12 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
13 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
14 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
15 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
16 jpuhtpl nkhopfs; (Dravidian
Languages)
54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
17 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
18 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
19 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
20 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected

16. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF THE
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
21 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
22 ,, 63.63636364 0 Rejected
23 ,, 27.27272727 0.363636364 Accepted
24 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
25 ,, 54.54545455 0 Rejected
26 ,, 36.36363636 0 Rejected
27 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
28 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
29 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted
30 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
31 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
32 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
33 ,, 22.72727273 0.454545455 Accepted
34 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
35 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
36 ,, 36.36363636 0 Rejected
37 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
38 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
39 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted
40 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
ITEM NUMBER
CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION

17. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF THE
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
ITEM NUMBER
CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
41 ,, 45.45454545 0 Rejected
42 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
43 msngil ( Alabadai) 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
44 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted
45 ,, 31.81818182 0.090909091 Rejected
46 ,, 22.72727273 0.090909091 Rejected
47 ,, 63.63636364 0 Rejected
48 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
49 ,, 50 0.090909091 Rejected
50 ,, 59.09090909 0.090909091 Rejected
51 ,, 54.54545455 0 Rejected
52 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
53 ,, 50 0.090909091 Rejected
54 ,, 36.36363636 0.363636364 Accepted
55 ,, 22.72727273 0.090909091 Rejected
56 ,, 36.36363636 0 Rejected
57 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
58 ,, 31.81818182 0.272727273 Accepted
59 ,, 31.81818182 0.090909091 Rejected
60 ,, 18.18181818 0 Rejected

18. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF THE
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
ITEM NUMBER
CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
61 ,, 22.72727273 0.090909091 Rejected
62 ,, 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
63 ,, 18.18181818 0 Rejected
64 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
65 ,, 40.90909091 0.454545455 Accepted
66 ,, 13.63636364 0.090909091 Rejected
67 ,, 36.36363636 0 Rejected
68 ,, 22.72727273 0.272727273 Accepted
69 ,, 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
70 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
71 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
72 ,, 22.72727273 0.090909091 Rejected
73 ,, 31.81818182 0.090909091 Rejected
74 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
75 ,, 9.090909091 0.381818182 Accepted
76 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
77 rpW gQ;r %yk; ( Siru Panja
Moolam)
27.27272727 0.545454545 Accepted
78 36.36363636 0 Rejected
79 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
80 ,, 31.81818182 0.090909091 Rejected

19. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF THE
PRELIMINARY DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
ITEM NUMBER
CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
81 ,, 31.81818182 0.090909091 Rejected
82 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
83 ,, 31.81818182 0.272727273 Accepted
84 ,, 22.72727273 0.272727273 Accepted
85 ,, 0 0 Rejected
86 ,, 45.45454545 0.290909091 Accepted
87 ,, 31.81818182 0.454545455 Accepted
88 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
89 ,, 27.27272727 0.363636364 Accepted
90 ,, 22.72727273 0.454545455 Accepted
91 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted

20. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF
THE FINAL DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
SL.NO. ITEM
NUMBER CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
1 4 fk;guhkhazk(Kamba
Ramayanam),,
54.54545455 0.181818182 Accepted
2 5 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
3 6 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
4 7 ,, 72.72727273 0.545454545 Accepted
5 10 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
6 11 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
7 13 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
8 15 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
9 16 jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian
Languages)
54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
10 17 ,, 54.54545455 0.381818182 Accepted
11 19 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
12 23 ,, 27.27272727 0.363636364 Accepted
13 28 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
14 29 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted
15 30 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
16 32 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
17 33 ,, 22.72727273 0.454545455 Accepted
18 35 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
19 38 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
20 39 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted

21. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF
THE FINAL DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
21 40 ,, 50 0.272727273 Accepted
22 42 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
23 43 msngil ( Alabadai) 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
24 44 ,, 45.45454545 0.363636364 Accepted
25 48 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
26 52 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
27 54 ,, 36.36363636 0.363636364 Accepted
28 57 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted
29 58 ,, 31.81818182 0.272727273 Accepted
30 62 ,, 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
31 64 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
32 65 ,, 40.90909091 0.454545455 Accepted
33 68 ,, 22.72727273 0.272727273 Accepted
34 69 ,, 18.18181818 0.381818182 Accepted
35 70 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
36 71 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
37 74 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
38 75 ,, 9.090909091 0.381818182 Accepted
39 76 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
40 77 rpW gQ;r %yk;
( Siru Panja Moolam)
27.27272727 0.545454545 Accepted
SL.NO. ITEM
NUMBER
CONCEPT DIFFICULTY
LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION

22. DIFFICULTY LEVEL AND DISCRIMINATIVE INDEX OF
THE FINAL DRAFT OF THE TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
SL.NO. ITEM
NUMBER CONCEPT
DIFFICULTY LEVEL
DISCRIMINATION
INDEX
INTERPRETATION
41 79 ,, 45.45454545 0.381818182 Accepted
42 82 ,, 27.27272727 0.381818182 Accepted
43 83 ,, 31.81818182 0.272727273 Accepted
44 84 ,, 22.72727273 0.272727273 Accepted
45 86 ,, 45.45454545 0.290909091 Accepted
46 87 ,, 31.81818182 0.454545455 Accepted
47 88 ,, 36.36363636 0.381818182 Accepted
48 89 ,, 27.27272727 0.363636364 Accepted
49 90 ,, 22.72727273 0.454545455 Accepted
50 91 ,, 40.90909091 0.272727273 Accepted

23. WEIGHTAGE TO OBJECTIVES OF THE FINAL
DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
OBJECTIVES MARKS
KNOWLEDGE 15
UNDERSTANDING 31
APPLICATION 4
TOTAL 50

24. WEIGHTAGE TO QUESTIONS OF THE FINAL DRAFT
OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
QUESTIONS MARKS
OBJECTIVE TYPE 50
SHORT ANSWER TYPE -
ESSAY TYPE -
TOTAL 50

25. WEIGHTAGE TO CONTENT OF THE FINAL DRAFT OF
THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT TOTAL
(Marks
)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba Ramayanam) 11
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian Languages) 12
msngil ( Alabadai) 16
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja Moolam) 11
TOTAL 50

26. BLUE PRINT-TWO DIMENSIONAL CHART OF THE
FINAL DRAFT OF THE CRITERION TEST TOOL
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
CONTENT KNOWLEDGE UNDERSTANDI
NG
APPLICATIO
N
TOTAL
(Marks)
fk;guhkhazk(Kamba
Ramayanam)
6 (1) 5 (1) - 11
jpuhtplnkhopfs;(Dravidian
Languages)
1(1) 11(1) - 12
msngil ( Alabadai) 7(1) 5(1) 4(1) 16
rpWgQ;r%yk;( Siru Panja
Moolam)
1(1) 10(1) 11
TOTAL 15 31 4 50

27. CRONBACH’S ALPHA
ANALYSIS
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Cronbach’s Alpha Internal Consistency
1 > 0.9 Excellent
0.9 > 0.8 Good
0.8 > 0.7 Acceptable
0.7 > 0.6 Questionable
0.6 > 0.5 Poor
0.5 > 0 Unacceptable
RULE OF THUMB FOR CRONBACH’S ANALYSIS

28. CRONBACH’S ALPHA FOR SCHOOL ENVIRONMENT
SCALE
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Cronbach’s Alpha Cronbach’s Alpha
based on
Standardized Items
N of Items
.89 .89 50

29. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
1 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
2 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
3 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
4 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
5 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
6 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
7 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
8 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
9 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
10 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
11 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
12 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
13 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
14 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
15 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77

30. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
15 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
16 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
17 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
18 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
19 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
20 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
21 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
22 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
23 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
24 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
25 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
26 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
27 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
28 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
29 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
30 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73

31. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
31 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
32 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
33 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
34 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
35 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
36 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
37 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
38 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
39 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
40 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72

32. ITEM TOTAL STATISTICS FOR SCHOOL
ENVIRONMENT
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Item Number
Scale Mean if Item
Deleted
Scale Variance if Item
Deleted
Corrected Item-
Total Correlation
Cronbach's Alpha if
Item Deleted
41 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .71
42 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
43 130.1200 1200.230 .97 .78
44 150.1200 1300.200 .89 .72
45 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .77
46 140.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
47 170.1200 1200.230 .97 .75
48 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .73
49 180.1200 1200.230 .97 .74
50 160.1200 1300.200 .89 .72

33. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
Sl.No. PARTICULARS SA A U DA SDA
I PHIYSICAL FACILITIES
1 Adequate classrooms with required space to accommodate students
are available in the school.
2 Separate toilets and bathrooms facilities are available for gents and
ladies staff.
3 Separate toilets and bathrooms facilities are available for boys & girls
students.
4 Ground facility is adequate in the school
5 Adequate vehicle parking is available in the school.
6 School campus is provided with fencing / compound wall to avoid
external disturbances.
7 Canteen facility is available in the school.
8 Stationary shop is there in the school which supplies all necessary
items
9 Separate staffroom for gents and ladies teachers.
10 School has an auditorium to conduct functions, celebrations and
prayers etc.
11 School has well equipped physical education room.
12 School has separate room for library
13 School has separate rooms for labs such as Physics,
Chemistry, and Botany and Zoology.

34. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
II
INFRASTRUCTURAL FACILITY SA A U DA SDA
14 Classroom is equipped with blackboard, chalk piece and
duster
15 Classroom is equipped with adequate benches, chairs, tube
lights and dustbin.
16 Adequate water facilities are available in the school.
17 School has adequate games items
18 Number of computers available in the computer
Lab. is adequate.
19 Internet facility is available in the school.
20 Library is equipped with dailys, journals, books
and reference materials.
21 Labs. are equipped with adequate instruments and teaching
aids.
22 School has adequate facilities for extra-curricular activities
like activity rooms, coaching classes etc.

35. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
III
TEACHING – LEARNING SA A U DA SDA
23
School has qualified and experienced teachers for all
subjects.
24
Maximum utilization of library is encouraged for students.
25
Gifted are encouraged by providing in-depth information.
26
Field trips are organized by the school at regular intervals.
27
Subject related projects are given to students.
28
Student’s seminars, quiz etc. are organized now and then.
29
Low achievers are given extra coaching with special attention.
30
Experts in various fields like Education, Psychology and
subjects of different kinds are brought to school to create
awareness.
31
Regular attendance is made compulsory for students.
32
Teachers use teaching aids for teaching.
33
Doubt clearing sessions are arranged whenever needed.

36. School Environment
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan
34
Notes taking habit is encouraged during teaching.
35 Pupils are honored for their academic excellence.
36 Teachers are encouraged to attend professional enrichment
programmes like in-service programmes, seminars etc.
37 During intervals subject related information are played
through tape recorders.
IV EVALUATION SA A U DA SDA
38 Tests [Term, Unit, Weekly, and Monthly] are conducted
periodically.
39 Corrected papers are returned with necessary comments.
40 Students are directed to get the parents signature in the
corrected test papers.
41 Performance card is given for each test.
42 Student’s individual performance is compared with their
previous performance only.

37. Review Questions
1. What is the use of item analysis?
2. What is the purpose of finding out
discrimination index?
3. What is the purpose of difficulty level?
4. What is the formula for difficulty level?
5. What is the formula for discrimination index?
6. What do you mean by item total correlation?
7. What do you mean by item to item
correlation?
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan

38. THANK YOU
5/18/2020Dr. N.Ramakrishnan