2. SAHARSA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
SAHARSA (852201)
SUBJECT:- ENERGY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
TOPIC:- UNDER GROUND AND UNDER SEA OIL PIPELINE
BRANCH :- CIVIL ENGINEERING SUBMITTED TO:-
SESSION :- 2019-2023 MITHILESH KUMAR
SEMESTER:- 6th
3. TEAM MEMBERS
Name Roll.Number Reg.No.
Md Afjal Hussain 2019-CE-05 19101132017
Deepak kumar 2019-CE-52 19101132018
Md Osama 2019-CE-15 19101132019
Ralu Kumar 2019-CE-27 19101132020
Md Altaf Raja 2019-CE-29 19101132021
Vikash kumar 2019-CE-09 19101132022
Somesh Kumar Deo 2019-CE-18 19101132023
Tahseen Quamer 2019-CE-28 19101132024
5. INTRODUCTION
Under ground and under sea oil pipeline is the long distance transportation of oil
through a system of pipes.
The latest data from 2014 gives a total of slightly less than 2,175,000 miles
(3,500,000km) of pipeline in 120 countries of the world.
The United states had 65% , Russia had 8%, and Canada had 3%, thus 75% of all
pipeline were in these three countries.
Pipelines exists for the transport of crude and refined petroleum fuels.
Oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes which are usually buried.
The oil is moved through the pipelines by pump stations along the pipeline.
In place, a pipeline may have to cross water expanses such as small seas, straits and
rivers. These pipelines are referred to as marine pipelines.
7. FUNCTION
1. GATHERING PIPELINES:-
Gathering pipelines transport gases and liquids from the commodity's source - like
rock formations located far below the drilling site - to a processing facility, refinery or
a transmission line.
Gathering pipelines move gas and oil from drilling sites to processing plants,
refineries, and transmission and distribution pipelines.
( https://blog.enerpac.com/types-of-pipeline-every-oil-and-gas-engineer-should-know-about/)
8. 2. TRANSPORTATION PIPELINES :-
It involves movement of liquid or gaseous products over long distances through
pipelines.
It is mostly used for transport of crude and refined petroleum products such as oil
and natural gas.
• ( https://www.maverickvalves.com/industries-and-applications/midstream-transmission/pipelines/)
9. 3. DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES:-
• Distribution pipelines are small lines that represent the final link in the chain of oil
and gas development. They move petroleum and gas products from final
transportation points along large transmission pipelines to homes, businesses, and
industrial facilities.
• (https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Distribution-Pipeline-System_fig1_26368969)
10. PLANNING
Planning(Pre-construction process) is a specific process to layout how will manage and execute a
project thoughout its beginning to ending.
During underground and under sea oil pipeline construction ,we have following plans:-
A. We have to right purose ,why we laying the pipeline.
B. Pipeline’s design
C. Obtaining approval
D. Surveying the route
E. Clearing the route
F. Digging trench
(https://www.dreamstime.com/photos-images/pipeline-survey.html)
11. CONSTRUCTION
In Construction of a pipeline is a process that is handled by a very large team of
professionals who use their expertise to co-ordinate the operation in a organized
manner.
1. Welding/Bending pipe
2. Coating pipeline to prevent corrosion
3. Positioning
4. Installation of valves and fitting
5. Restoring the site
12.
13. OIL PIPELINE TECHNOLOGY
The first oil pipeline Constructed a 2 inch wrought iron pipeline over
a 6 mile track from an oil field in Pennsylvania to a railroad station in
oil greek in the 1860s.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete)
These times oil pipelines are made from steel or plastic tubes.
14. To protect pipes from impact, abrasion and corrosion wood lagging concrete coating
method are used.
(https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion)
Kandla Bhatinda oil pipeline (KBPL) the largest oil pipeline in India.
( https://constructionnarchitecture.com/the-longest-pipeline-venture-kandla-gorakhpur-lpg-pipeline/)
15. The 1447 km long cruide oil pipeline from Paradip odisha to Barauni refinery in Bihar.
(https://iocl.com/barauni-refinery)
Pipeline technology specializes in the safe, efficient and reliable transportation of oil through
pipeline system
16. ADVANTAGES
They are ideally suited to transport the liquids and
gases.
Pipelines can be laid through difficult terrains as well as
under water.
It involves very low energy consumption.
It needs very little maintenance.
Pipelines are safe, accident-free and environmental
friendly
17. DISADVANTAGES
Underground pipeline distribution system have a
higher initial cost.
Difficult to locate leakages and repair is costly.
Needs technical man power for installation.
Its capacity cannot be increased once it is laid.
18. SAFETY
The safety of pipelines depends to a large extent on the materials
transported.
Pipelines that transport oil do not explode or pollute the environment in the
event of pipe rupture or spill.
They pose few safety or environmental hazards. Crude-oil pipelines, when
ruptured, do not explode but may pollute waters and soil.
Crude oil pipelines that contain highly volatile liquids such as gasoline may
explode in a spill; they deserve the greatest safety considerations.
Even in this case, however, it is generally accepted that the safest way to
transport oil and natural gas is by pipeline. To use other modes such
as truck or railroad to transport such fuel would be far more dangerous and
costly.
19. ACCIDENT AND DANGERS
1. October 17,1998-Jesse pipeline
explosion:- A petroleum pipeline
exploded at Jesse on the Niger Delta
in Nigeria, killing about 1200 villages,
some of whom were scavenging
gasoline.
https://worldhistoryproject.org/1998/10/18/jesse-pipeline-explosion
2. May 12, 2006-Lagos, Nigeria:- An oil pipeline
ruptured outside lags and about 200 people may be
killed.
https://oraclenews.ng/lagos-pipeline-blast-will-not-affect-fuel-supply/
