This document provides an overview of questioned documents and the process of counterfeiting currency notes. It discusses the historical use of paper money in India and the organizations responsible for printing currency. Two key printing processes used are described - wet offset printing and intaglio printing. Security features of currency include special paper, inks that change color, and indentation that can be felt. Counterfeiting involves illegally imitating currency with intent to deceive.

3. CONTENT
•Introduction
•Historical perspective
•Printing process
•Counterfeiting currency

4. INTRODUCTION
• Questioned document can be defined as any document whose trustworthiness is doubtful
• Questioned document can be in the form of printed document, handwritten, typewritten, or any
material that contain a hidden message in form of signs/symbols/images.
• Counterfeiting currency notes are one of the most common type of questioned documents in
today’s times.
• Various printing process, security feature and sections are associated with the issue of
counterfeiting currency, which will be discussed further.

5. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
• Paper money was introduced in India, by Bank of Hindustan in 1770.
• Government security press, Nasik, established in 1928, started printing of currency notes in
India.
• In 1935, Reserve Bank of India gets established and take over the printing of currency notes.
• Earlier, paper money was mainly issued by Bank of Bengal, Bank of Madras, Bank of Bombay
and Bank of Hindustan.

6. • Four units that are mainly associated with manufacturing process of notes
Indian Security Press, Nasik
Bank Notes Press, Dewas
New bank Notes Press, Mysore
New Bank Note Press, Salboni.

7. • Note press, Nasik use wet offset process for printing of currency notes.
• Intaglio printing was used by Bank Notes Press, Dewas, for the same purpose.
• The Wet Offset Process does not leave any indentation or mark but intaglio printing have in
respite inked area, can be observed under microscope or felt by hand.
• The security paper used in the manufacturing of notes is produced by security Paper Mill,
Hoshangabad (Madhya Pradesh).

8. PRINTING PROCESS
• Offset printing
• It is a planographic process.
• Mostly used for commercial purposes
• Image is created in single surface.
• Chemically coplanar image and no image area are distinguished.
• Transfer of ink takes place from treated plate to offset medium to target.
• Dry offset process uses a raised image plate in combination with an intermediate transfer
blanket.

9. Figure showing printing by offset printing process.

10. • Intaglio printing
• Mainly used for engrave work or special announcement.
• Image is engraved in form of lines into metal plate.
• Intaglio ink is applied into engravings and is wiped from the surface of plate.
• Than it is transferred to the target/substrate.
• Gives image both visual and tactual effect.

11. Figure showing printing by intaglio printing process.

12. • Typographic or letter press printing
• On a raised surface ink is applied.
• Transferred to the substrate by direct impression.
• This method of ink transfer create an effect known as squeeze out effect.
• Examples – typewriters, date stamps.

13. Figure showing printing by letter press printing process.

14. INK
• Selection of ink is based on its wear and tear characteristics.
• Ink must be durable and be subjected to durability tests.
• Security inks can be used for security features.
• Color shifting ink prove to be aid in prevention of counterfeiting .
• Inks used in printing of bank notes are specifically designed and are not available outside legal
printing industries.

15. Figure showing color sifting of ink in denomination.

16. COUNTERFEITING CURRENCY
• The word counterfeit refers to the imitation of something with a malicious intent to deceive or
to prepare a forged copy of something.
• Currency that is produced by illegal measures and is not sanctioned by the government is known
as counterfeiting currency.
• Counterfeiting of currency is a serious crime, as it involves illegal means in manufacturing
process

17. MCQ
• Which of the following printing process is used for printing invitation card for a special occasion?
• A ) Offset printing
• B) Letter press printing
• C) Intaglio printing
• D) All of the mentioned.