Several traditional printing techniques are described, including etching, linocut, and screen printing which involve using acids, cutting linoleum, or transferring ink through a mesh respectively. Lithography involves using oil and water on a stone or metal plate to print, while letterpress uses an inked raised surface and movable press. Gravure uses small impressions in a printing plate surface to transfer ink to paper.

1. Traditional publishing techniques

2. Etching is when strong acid is used to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design. Other chemicals may be used on
other types of material.
Linocut is a printmaking technique, where a sheet of linoleum is used. A design is cut into the
linoleum surface with a sharp knife, to create a raised uncarved area. The linoleum sheet is inked
with a and then pressed onto paper or fabric.
Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a mesh. The ink is transferred onto the
surface, except in areas made imprint able by a blocking stencil. A blade or squeegee is moved
across the screen to fill the open mesh with ink, and a reverse stroke then causes the screen to
touch the substrate. Which makes the ink pass through the mesh and create a printed image.
A. Ink. B. Squeegee. C. Image. D.
Photo-emulsion. E. Screen. F.
Printed image.
Lithography (stone) is a method of printing originally based on the method of using oil
and water. The printing is from a stone called a lithographic limestone or a metal plate
with a smooth surface.
Traditional pure etching is when a metal plate that is usually copper, zinc or steel. A etching needle is
used to scratch the plate then it is dipped into acid. The acid dissolves the metal and leaves lines. Ink
is put all over the plate then wiped off. A high pressed printing press presses a sheet of paper and the
plate together the paper picks up the etched lines which makes a print

3. Letterpress printing is when a printing press is used, it is a process
where an inked, raised surface against sheets or a continuous roll o
paper is used. A movable press is used. It inks the ,material and
then presses the ink into the paper against it to transfer the ink from
the material; to the paper which creates an impression.
Gravure printing is where a image being printed is made up
of small impressions in the surface of the printing plate. The
surface is filled with ink, and the excess is scraped off the
surface with a blade. Then a rubber-covered roller presses
paper onto the surface of the plate. The printing cylinders are
usually made from copper plated steel.

4. A photocopier is a machine that makes paper copies of documents
and other visual images quickly and cheaply. The modern day
photocopiers use a technology called xerography, it is a dry process
that uses a sensitive light photoreceptor. Tonner is put onto paper in
the form of an image. Heat and pressure or a combination of both is
then used to fuse the toner onto the paper.
Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a
digital image by putting droplets of ink onto paper, plastic etc..
Inkjet printers most commonly used type of printer. they range
from small inexpensive consumer models to expensive
professional machines.
Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process. It
produces high-quality text and graphics by repeatedly passing
a laser beam back and forth over a negatively charged cylinder
called a drum to make a coloured image. The drum then
selectively collects toner, and transfers the image to paper,
which is then heated so that the text or image is permanently on
the paper