Introduction, Classification, Important terms Uses

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By,
GRACESHAJICHITTILAPPILLY
ASSISTANTPROFESSOR
DEPT.OFPHARMACEUTICALCHEMISTRY
KARPAGAMCOLLEGEOFPHARMACY
12-01-2024
Dept.
P.Chemistry,
KCP
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CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 SYLLABUS
 DEFINITIONS
 IMPORTANCE
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INTRODUCTION
 Inorganic Chemistry is the study of all the elements and their
compounds except carbon and its compounds.
 It is concerned with the properties and behavior of inorganic
compounds, which include metals, minerals and organometallic
compounds.
 Simply, inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals
with inorganic compounds.
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 Inorganic compounds are used as catalysts, pigments, coatings,
surfactants, medicines, fuels and more.
 They often have high melting points & boiling point and specific
high or low electrical conductivity properties, which make them
useful for specific purposes.
INORGANIC
CHEMISTRY
Co-ordination
Chemistry
Bioinorganic
Chemistry
Organometallic
compounds
Synthetic
Inorganic
chemistry
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 Application: Chemical industry – synthesis of drugs, pigments,
surfactant and agricultural products.
 Inorganic compounds are soluble in water, less inflammable, good
conductors of heat and electricity.
 Eg:
Sodium chloride (NaCl) used as table salt
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) used in computer chip
Sulphuric acid (H2SO4) used in production of fertilizers
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Pharmaceutical inorganic
chemistry
 Pharmaceutical Inorganic Chemistry deals with the method
of preparation, physical or chemical properties of
compounds, assay methods and uses of inorganic agents
used as pharmaceutical aids and as therapeutics and
diagnostics agents.
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7. z I PHARM. D “PIC” SYLLABUS
1. ERRORS
2. VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS
3. ACID – BASE TITRATIONS
4. REDOX TITRATIONS
5. NON-AQUEOUS TITRATION
6. PRECIPITAION TITRATION
7. COMPLEXOMETRIC TITRATION
8. THEORY OF INDICATOR
9. GRAVIMETRY
10. LIMIT TEST
11. MEDICINAL GASES
12. ACIDIFIERS
13. ANTACIDS
14. CATHARTICS
15. ELECTROLYTE REPLENISHERS
16. ESSENTIAL TRACE ELEMENTS
17. ANTIMICROBIALS
18. PHARMACEUTICAL AIDS
19. DENTAL PRODUCTS
20. MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS
21. RADIO PHARMACEUTICALS
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SOME INORGANIC DEFINITIONS
 Absorbents: Drugs which are used to absorb the toxins and bacteria in
the GIT. Eg: Calcium carbonate, Magnesium carbonate.
 Adsorbents: They are inorganic compounds that are used to adsorb on
the surface of an adsorbate. Which are used in the treatment of mild
dysentery or diarrhoea or other disturbances of GIT due to their ability to
adsorb gases, toxins and bacteria. Eg: Bismuth subcarbonate.
 Acidifiers: The inorganic chemicals or drugs that are used to increase the
gastrointestinal acidity. Eg: Dil. HCl, Ammonium chloride.
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 Antacids : Drugs used to neutralize the hydrochloric acid secreted in the
stomach in the gastric juice. Eg: Aluminium hydroxide gel.
 Cathartics (Purgatives or Laxatives): The drugs which activate
peristalsis and motility of the gut, thus enabling bowel evacuation. Eg:
MgSO4.
 Dentrifice (Abrasives): Drugs which are used for the cleaning and
whitening of teeth. Eg: Zinc chloride, Calcium carbonate.
 Anti-caries agents: Inorganic chemicals that are used to prevent caries in
teeth. Eg: Sodium fluoride.
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 Antioxidants: They are compounds capable of decreasing or preventing the
auto-oxidation of other molecules. Eg: BHA
 Preservative: Chemical substance that are added to food or drugs to prevent
the microbial growth in pharmaceutical formulations. Eg: Sodium benzoate
 Alkalizers: Drugs which are used to induce the alkaline condition or used in
acidic condition of body. Eg: Sodium citrate.
 Anaesthetics: Drugs which are used to produce reversible loss of sensation.
Eg: Nitrous oxide.
 Antimicrobial (Anti-infective):Agents that prevent or minimize the
infection caused by micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi,
protozoans etc. Eg: Boric acid, KMnO4.
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 Dessicants: Desiccants are the substances that absorb moisture and provide
dry atmosphere. Eg: Silica gel.
 Anti-neoplastic (Anti-cancer): Drugs which effectively kill or prevent the
growth of rapidly dividing cancer cells. Eg: Cisplatin
 Antidepressant (Mood elevators): Drugs which elevate the mood in
depressed patients. Eg: Lithium carbonate
 Diagnostic agent: Any pharmaceutical agent which is used to diagnose a
disease. Eg: Barium sulphate.
 Surgical aids: Inert materials that assist in sugery, help in recovery of a
tissue or an organ and treatment of a diseased condition. Eg: Plaster of Paris.
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 Anticonvulsant: Drugs which are used for the treatment of epilepsy. Eg:
Potassium bromide.
 Anthelmintics (Internal paraciticide): Agents or chemicals that destroy
parasites living in the body of the host. Eg: Sodium antimony tartarate.
 Anti coagulant: Drugs which are used to prevent blood clotting. Eg:
Sodium citrate.
 Antidotes: Drugs which are used in the treatment of poison. Eg: Sodium
thiosulphate, Activated charcoal.
 Antirheumatic: Drugs or remedies that are prescribed to cure rheumatic
disease especially rheumatoid arthritis. Eg: Sodium Aurothiomalate
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 Antithyroid: Drug used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism or
thyrotoxicosis. Eg: Potassium perchlorate
 Emetics: Compounds which produce forced regurgitation by which the
contents of the stomach are expelled through the oral cavity. Eg: CuSO4.
 Heamatinic: Drugs that increase the haemoglobin content of the blood. Eg:
FeSO4, Ferrous gluconate.
 Astringent: Drug which makes the cell shrink by precipitating the protein
from surface. Eg: Potash Alum.
 Expectorent: Drugs which enhances the secretion of the sputum by the air
passages so that it is easier to remove the phlegm through coughing. Eg:
Ammonium chloride
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IMPORTANCE OF INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICALS
1) For therapeutic purpose. Eg: Astringents, antimicrobials
2) As pharmaceutical aids. Eg: Bentonite, Talc
3) To change the reaction of body fluid either by acidifier or alkaliser. Eg:
Antacids, alkalizers
4) Replacing the normal content of body fluids. Eg: Sodium, potassium,
calcium
5) As reagents to carry out the reactions. Eg:Catalysts.
6) In pharmaceutical Analysis. Titrants like potassium permanganate,
EDTA
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“The meeting of two personalities is like
the contact of two chemical substance:
if there is any reaction both are
transformed.”
- Carl Jung
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