India commercial seed production of shellfish is well developed only one shellfish shrimp and prawn this industry monitoring by Costal Aquaculture Authority (CAA). Carb hatcherys are available in India southern states but it is not running like shrimp industry. Other hand lobster and molluscs hatcherys are running in laboratory stages of some institute. In problems of shellfish seed production is not available of good quality of broodstock and biological complexity of life cycle of Sartain species. In future aquaculture production is increasing but it is total dependence on availability of good quality seed.

1. Submitted By
Rajesh V. Chudasama,
M.F.Sc., 2nd Sem. COF-VRL, KU.
Submitted To
Dr. P. R. Tank,
Assistant Professor, COF-VRL, KU.
College of Fisheries Science - Veraval
Kamdhenu University
Sub: Seed Production and Hatchery Management of Shellfishes (AQC-506)
Department of Aquaculture

2. Current Status: Problems and Prospects for Seed
Production of Commercially Important Cultivable
Crustaceans and Molluscs.

3.  Seed Production Place: Hatchery
A hatchery is a place for artificial breeding, hatching, and rearing
through the early life stages of animals—finfish and shellfish in particular.
Crustaceans
Shrimp Post-larva (PL)
Crab Megalopa
Lobster Phyllosoma
Molluscs
Oyster (Edible & Pearl oyster) Veliger larva

4. • The major emphasis is on Tiger shrimp (Penaeus
monodon) while a few have concentrated on Indian white
shrimp (P. indicus) too. After 2005, the thrust is slowly
shifting towards L. vannamei while in the freshwater
prawn sector, it was only for Macrobrachium rosenbergii.
• 283 shrimp hatcheries in India (CAA).
• Annual production capacity of 28.3 billion postlarvae (PLs).
A. Shrimp
Crustaceans Seed Production Status of India

5. Brackishwater Area
Total Area (lakh ha) Cultured Area (ha) % of Area Cultured
Gujarat 3.7 4500 1.21
India 12 1,55,598 12.96
Shrimp Existing Hatchery Seed Production
Existing Hatchery Existing seed production (in billion)
Andhra Pradesh 215 21.5
Gujarat 2 0.2
India 283 28.3
Source: Mission Brackish Water/Saline Aquaculture-2022

6. Scenario of 2020
• 63,430 broodstock import before lockdown.
• In March 2020, 16 billion PLs were produced, and of these, some 1 to 1.5
billion animals, were discarded by hatchery operators due to lack of demand
by farmers.
• 4 billion PLs were produced in April 2020 during the lockdown.
• 2020 last quarter 30% increase demand of PLs but shortage of seed increase
price rate of Andhra Pradesh hatcherys.

7. B. Crab
• KOCHI: MPEDA-RGCA has patented its mud crab hatchery
technology with the controller general of patent, design,
and trademarks, Govt. of India, for 20 years from 2011 to
2030.
• The hatchery technology for mud crab (Scylla serrata) has
been developed by the Rajiv Gandhi Centre for
Aquaculture (RGCA).
• 7.28 million seeds have been produced and supplied to
659 farmers across the country (2020).

8. C. Lobster
• Due to biological complexity, lobster hatcheries are not
operated by entrepreneurs in India.
• Japan was first to complete the larval cycle of several species
of lobsters (1890).
• In New Zealand successful larval rearing completed in 1990’s.
• In India, Radhakrishnan reared a group of juvenile
P. homarus to sexual maturity and bred them in laboratory.
• The Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) has
conducted the field trials of open sea cage farming for
lobsters.

9. Molluscs Production Status of India
• Molluscan hatcheries do not have much appeal for
commercial start-up and therefore, only government run
oyster and clam hatcheries are present in India.
• Mussel hatchery technology has been developed in countries
like China, Tahiti and Thailand.
• In India, CMFRI at Madras and N.I.O. Goa have developed
technology for the production of spat of green mussel (Perna
viridis) and Vizhingam center of CMFRI has developed the
spat production for brown mussel (Perna indica).

10. • The CMFRI has established a Shellfish Hatchery Laboratory with all basic
facilities at the Tuticorin Research Centre and a breakthrough was
achieved here in the induced spawning, larval rearing and spat production.
Pearl oyster - Pincteda fucata 1981
Edible oyster - Crassostrea madrasensis 1982
Black lip pearl oyster - Pinctada margaretifera 1986
Great clam - Meretrix meretrix 1987
Blood clam - Anadara granosa 1988

11. • Availability of good quality broodstock
• Luminescent bacterial infection
• Egg Loss in Crab Berried Females
• Incomplete Molting in Crab
• Production of lobster seed is very difficult: Biological Complexity.
Problems of Shellfish Seed Production

12. • Aquaculture has significant potential in helping provide a healthy and sustainable
protein source for future populations.
• However, to reach this potential, a substantial increase in production is needed to
ensure future demands for protein are met.
• This increased production must be matched by significant reductions in environmental
impact and improvements in resource efficiency.
• Increased aquaculture production depended on the good quality of seed availability
Future Prospects of Shellfish Hatchery

13. Conclusion
India commercial seed production of shellfish is well developed only one shellfish
shrimp and prawn this industry monitoring by Costal Aquaculture Authority (CAA). Carb
hatcherys are available in India southern states but it is not running like shrimp industry.
Other hand lobster and molluscs hatcherys are running in laboratory stages of some
institute. In problems of shellfish seed production is not available of good quality of
broodstock and biological complexity of life cycle of sartain species. In future aquaculture
production is increasing but it is total dependence on availability of good quality seed.

14. References
• Am, K. A. N. (1988). RECENT ADVANCES IN THE HATCHERY PRODUCTION OF SEED OF SOME COMMERCIAL BIVALVES IN
INDIA. In Journal of the Indian Fisheries Association (Vol. 18).
• ICAR-CIBA Report on Impact of COVID19. (n.d.).
• India’s shrimp industry adapts to COVID-19 restrictions - Responsible Seafood Advocate. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15,
2022.
• Kerala: MPEDA patents its mud crab hatchery technology | Kochi News - Times of India. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
• Mohamed, K. S. (n.d.). Bivalve Mariculture in India-Progress in Research and Development.
• Quinitio, E. T., & Parado-Estepa, F. D. (2003). AQUACULTURE EXTENSION MANUAL NO. 34 BIOLOGY AND HATCHERY OF
MUD CRABS Scylla spp.
• Shrimp culture in India: Hatchery, farm, industry issues - Responsible Seafood Advocate. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15,
2022.
• Status and challenges of advancing lobster aquaculture globally | Request PDF. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2022.
• The Future of Aquaculture | Global Salmon Initiative. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2022.

15. Thank You !!