This is a presentation on Form and meaning from the book written by Frank Palmer where he says that forms and meaning are not associated with each other......

1. Grammar and Syntax

2. Form and meaning
Chapter # 1.5  Grammar and Syntax

3. A misconception
Grammar is concerned
with semantics
 Grammar and Syntax

4. teacher
fox
child
man
woman
teachers
foxes
children
men
women
Singular and plural
 Grammar and Syntax

5. Sheep
fish
deer
crisis
analysis
basis
Sheep
fish
deer
crises
analyses
bases
Conversely
 Grammar and Syntax

6. oats wheat
Oats are… Wheat is…
How?
 Grammar and Syntax

7. These forms (singular/plural,
count./uncount.) do not
correspond to meaning
BUT
Grammar!
 Grammar and Syntax

8. Similarly
 Grammar and Syntax
In English gender is not grammatical

9. Sex & Gender
Masculine Feminine
Boy
Man
Girl
Woman
Biological meaning
 Grammar and Syntax

10. Sun
(masculine)
In ancient religions of
Mediterranean the
SUN was father god
and the MOON was
mother goddess
Historical/ biological
Moon
(feminine)
 Grammar and Syntax

11. Some may say, the suffix –ess is grammatical in
case of gender:
Such as, author/authoress, tiger/tigress,
duke/duchess, poet/poetess etc.
However, adding a suffix is not enough,
there has to be a grammatical feature of
syntactical nature.

12. It is not grammar!
If so, then what about
young and adult?
e.g. pig/piglet, duck/duckling,
sheep/lamb
Do we have grammatical types in this
relation?
 Grammar and Syntax

13. The answer is NO!
These words have to
deal with lexicon/
dictionary,
NOT grammar
 Grammar and Syntax

14. Hence proved that forms
are either related to
grammar OR meaning, which
means:
Grammar is NOT Semantic
 Grammar and Syntax

15. The whole purpose of describing a
language is to relate sounds to
meaning, therefore, Frank Palmer
believes that linguists ought to relate
grammar to semantics and phonetics.
 Grammar and Syntax
Conclusion:

16. Thank you
 Grammar and Syntax
Presented by: Kakar Rahmat
Ullah
KhanPresented to: Ms. Saba Qadir