immune system how it works

1. NAME : KHAN ASIF
AZIZULLAH
CLASS : MSC PART 1
SUB :
TOPIC : IMMUNE SYSTEM &
ITS TYPES .

3. WHAT IS IMMUNE SYSTEM :
 The immune system is the body's defense against
infectious organisms and other invaders.
 The immune system is made up of a network of
cells, tissues, and organs that work together to
protect the body.
 One of the important cells involved are white
blood cells, also called leukocytes .

5. WHAT IT COMPRISES OF :
The immune system includes: The tonsils and
thymus, which make antibodies. The lymph nodes
and vessels (the lymphatic system). The spleen,
which filters the blood by removing old or
damaged blood cells and platelets and helps the
immune system by destroying bacteria and other
foreign substances.

8. 1)ACQUIRED IMMUNITY :
Acquired immunity is triggered in
vertebrates when a pathogen evades the
innate immune system and generates a
threshold level of antigen and generates
"stranger" or "danger" signals
activating dendritic cells.

9. FUNCTION OF ACQUIRED IMMUNITY:
 Recognition of specific "non-self" antigens in the
presence of "self", during the process of antigen
presentation.
 Generation of responses that are tailored to maximally
eliminate specific pathogens or pathogen-infected
cells.
 Development of immunological memory, in which
pathogens are "remembered" through memory B cells
and memory T cells.

12. 2) INNATE IMMUNITY :
 Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defense
mechanisms that come into play immediately or
within hours of an antigen's appearance in the
body.
 These mechanisms include physical barriers such
as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune
system cells that attack foreign cells in the body.
The innate immune response is activated by
chemical properties of the antigen.

15. IMMUNOGLOBULIN :
Immunoglobulin also known as antibodies, are
glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells
(white blood cells). They act as a critical part of the
immune response by specifically recognizing and
binding to particular antigens, such as bacteria or
viruses, and aiding in their destruction.

16. MAIN FUNCTION OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN :
 Antibodies are secreted into the blood and
mucosa, where they bind to and inactivate
foreign substances such as pathogens and toxins
(neutralization).
 Antibodies activate the complement system to
destroy bacterial cells by lysis (punching holes in
the cell wall).

17. TYPES OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN : 5 TYPES
OF ANTIBODYARE FOUND IN SERUM.
IgA (immunoglobin A)
IgD (immunoglobin D)
IgE (immunoglobin E)
IgG (immunoglobin G)
IgM (immunoglobin M)

19. References :
 https://www.bioexplorer.net/types-of-
antibodies.html/
 https://www.google.com/search?q=immunoglobu
lin+types&rlz=1C1CHBD_enIN739IN751