Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or less commonly Oryza glaberrima (African rice). As a cereal grain, it is the most widely consumed staple food for a large part of the world's human population, especially in Asia and Africa. It is the agricultural commodity with the third-highest worldwide production (rice, 741.5 million tonnes in 2014), after sugarcane (1.9 billion tonnes) and maize (1.0 billion tonnes).

1. Rice
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krishigyan
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Important points of Rice
2n=24
Family- Gramini
Scienti c name- Oryza sativa
Self pollinated crop
June-July (sowing time)
Requirement of Nitrogen-80-120 kg/ha, Phosphorus- 40-60 kg/ha, Potash-
40-50 kg/ha
Azolla and blue green algae are used in paddy crop to complete their
requirement of nitrogen as green manure
For straight swing seed rate-75-100 kg/ha
For transplanting – 23-30 kg
Averae production of paddy – 22.4 quintal/ha
Propanil (stem-34), Butachlor(Mahette and ue chloralin (basilin) are main
weedicides for paddy
Critical stages for water:
1. Booting stage :most critical stage
2. Tillering stage: 0-20 days
Primordia growth to owering stage – 40-60 days
In all the step water logging should be 5cm from the field surface.
Hybrid rice
1. China rstly produced hybrid rice at the end of 1970.
2. After it India distributed 5sets of hybrid variety in 1994- APRH1, APRH2,
KRH1, MGR1 by A.P, Karnataka, and Tamilnadu
After two years three another variety- CNRH1, KRH 3 & DRRH 1 distributed
by W.B &A.p.
1. Only PHB 71 is hybrid variety developed by private institution.
Dapong Method
1. This method is popular in Philippines & Japan.
2. Seedling are ready for transplanting in 12th day.
Germinated seeds are spread on the wooden plank or concrete sheet
covered polythene sheet at 1.5kg/m2 or 50 times more than the test weight.
1. Seeding from 1m2 from this method is enough for 200 m2 eld transplanting
2. In this method 2.5 times more seeds are needed than any other method
3. Paddy rom this method shows ower before 4 days.
Transplanting
1. Idle age-maximum 4 leaves minimum 3
2. Kharif- 20-30 days seedlings- 20*15cm
Rabi- 30-35 days seedlings-15*15 cm
1. Puddling is done in rice eld to reduce water leakage.
System of Rice Intensi cation ( ी व ध)
1. In this method seedlings are sowed aone by one only one at a place instead of
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2. sowing many seedlings at one place, it gives more product & damage to
environment is also less.
2. Sumant kumar from Bihar broke the record of China for maximum paddy
production. He produced 22.4 ton/hac of paddy.
Content of (in rice) protein-6-7%, Carbohydrate-76%, fat and other minerals-
1.1%
Paddy is on top of the cereals crops in production and area in the world.
Paddy has 32% of agriculture land in India
It grow 21.6% of total paddy production of the world & has 2nd position
UNO celebrates 2004 as international rice year.
In W.B and Tamil Nadu, rice are grown in three season.
1. आस – sept-oct
2. अमन – winter
बोरो – summer
In India the rst dwarf variety of rice developed is Jaya by Agriculture
directorate
Main varities of paddy- Saket, Govind, Kaveri, Ratna, Jaya, Sarju, Mahsuri,
Pusa-33, Bala, Lunashree
Central Rice Institute of(Cuttak, Odisha) has developed more production
giving variety called Lunashree.
New varieties of Paddy- Dhansri, RH-204(hybrid variety- 6-6.5tonn/ha), GR-
8, Dandi Shah Sarang, Gauri, Sweta, bhudev, varsha, Pantdhann-15, Chingam,
dhanu etc
Japan has developed a rice variety which has vaccine of Haija (हैजा).
Maximum paddy area in world is in India.
Golden rice has maximum vitamin A.
Generally while washing rice, vitamin B, Thymin get vanish and so as polished
rice. Eating this rice causes Beri-Beri.
High quality rice is developed by IARI in recent year- Pusa-1460 & 1401
Pusa 1460 is world’s rst super ne cereal.
Pusa basmati-1121 has total contribution of 75% in basmati rice export in
India.
New variety Kohsar is developed on 6 Nov,2011 for top region in Jammu &
Kashmir.
ICAR has developed Pusa-1509 on 19 feb, 2012. This variety is resistant to
disease bakani (बकानी), rest all its characteristics is like Pusa-1121.
Paddy Production Paddy area
(2012) (2011) (2006-
07)
Country State(India) country state
China W.B India
W.B
India U.P China
Odisha
Indonesia A.P Indonesia
A.P
Paddy productivity Paddy Import
(2008-09) (2006-07) (2012)
Country State India

3. Egypt Punjab Vietnam
USA Tamil Nadu Thailand
Korea A.P Pakistan