it is all about cultivation on crops

2. RICE CULTIVATIONRICE CULTIVATION
Introduction :Introduction :
India is an agricultural country. Most of her people areIndia is an agricultural country. Most of her people are
farmers. They produce 3 classes of crops such as Foodfarmers. They produce 3 classes of crops such as Food
crops, Commercial crops & Oil seeds. The main foodcrops, Commercial crops & Oil seeds. The main food
crops of India are Rice, Barely, Wheat & Maize etc.crops of India are Rice, Barely, Wheat & Maize etc.
Rice is the staple food of many of theRice is the staple food of many of the
Indians. Rice is obtained from Paddy. There are 75Indians. Rice is obtained from Paddy. There are 75
percent of people used its grain as food. India is the 2percent of people used its grain as food. India is the 2ndnd
largest producer of Rice in the world. The crop islargest producer of Rice in the world. The crop is
cultivated almost in all the states of the country likecultivated almost in all the states of the country like
Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu,Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Tamilnadu,
West Bengal, Bihar & Uttar Pradesh are the major riceWest Bengal, Bihar & Uttar Pradesh are the major rice
growing states. Its botanical name is Oryza sativa orgrowing states. Its botanical name is Oryza sativa or
Dhana.Dhana.

3. CLIMATE REQUIREMENTCLIMATE REQUIREMENT
Rice cultivation is a torrid zone plant. RiceRice cultivation is a torrid zone plant. Rice
requires an extremely moist soil, either rain fedrequires an extremely moist soil, either rain fed
or artificially flooded. Rice is water loving plantor artificially flooded. Rice is water loving plant
which is grown in North-Eastern states all roundwhich is grown in North-Eastern states all round
the year if water is available either through rainthe year if water is available either through rain
or irrigation. Rice needs relatively highor irrigation. Rice needs relatively high
temperature ranging between 25temperature ranging between 25
..
to 35to 35
..
c, forc, for
optimum growth & development of plants.optimum growth & development of plants.
Depending upon the temperature requirementDepending upon the temperature requirement
Rice crop is grown during kharif.Rice crop is grown during kharif.

4. SOIL REQUIREMENTSOIL REQUIREMENT
Rice is grown on allRice is grown on all
sorts of heavy soilsorts of heavy soil
types like clay, loamtypes like clay, loam
of alluvium nature.of alluvium nature.
Rice requires anRice requires an
extremely moist soil,extremely moist soil,
either rain fed oreither rain fed or
artificially flooded.artificially flooded.

5. CultivationCultivation
Cultivation of RiceCultivation of Rice
completely depends oncompletely depends on
the availability of water.the availability of water.
Depending on theDepending on the
amount of rainfall &amount of rainfall &
irrigation facilities,irrigation facilities,
various methods arevarious methods are
adopted. Broadcasting &adopted. Broadcasting &
Transplantation are theTransplantation are the
two common methods intwo common methods in
practice.practice.

6. BroadcastingBroadcasting
It is dry or semiIt is dry or semi
dry cultivation.dry cultivation.
The soil isThe soil is
ploughed 10 toploughed 10 to
20 cms deep20 cms deep
while it is stillwhile it is still
dry or partlydry or partly
moist.moist.

7. Sowing TimeSowing Time
Sowing of seeds is done during June to July, immediatelySowing of seeds is done during June to July, immediately
followed by another ploughing. Germination of seeds occursfollowed by another ploughing. Germination of seeds occurs
after getting sufficient moisture. When the seeding are 20 to 25after getting sufficient moisture. When the seeding are 20 to 25
cm high and sufficient water is available in the filed a lightcm high and sufficient water is available in the filed a light
ploughing is done. This treatment is called “Beushana”. Afterploughing is done. This treatment is called “Beushana”. After
this plants are allowed to grow in sufficient water stored in thethis plants are allowed to grow in sufficient water stored in the
filed. In case of short duration varieties the second operationfiled. In case of short duration varieties the second operation
(Beushana) is avoided as they come to flower stage after 60 to(Beushana) is avoided as they come to flower stage after 60 to
70 days.70 days.

8. TransplantationTransplantation
This method is essentially used inThis method is essentially used in
the areas where rainfall is much.the areas where rainfall is much.
Seed beds are raised during June,Seed beds are raised during June,
When the soil is dry. Seeds areWhen the soil is dry. Seeds are
sown on moisture beds for raisingsown on moisture beds for raising
the seedlings. When the seedlingsthe seedlings. When the seedlings
are 21 to 30 days old they areare 21 to 30 days old they are
transplanted in puddle fields. Totransplanted in puddle fields. To
get better results, various qualitiesget better results, various qualities
of fertilizers are applied both inof fertilizers are applied both in
seed bed and field. Water isseed bed and field. Water is
essential in rice field throughout itsessential in rice field throughout its
entire period of growth. It is alsoentire period of growth. It is also
necessary that the field is allowednecessary that the field is allowed
to dry up just before theto dry up just before the
harvesting.harvesting.

9. HarvestHarvest
The crop is harvested by cutting theThe crop is harvested by cutting the
plants with a sickle. After drying ofplants with a sickle. After drying of
harvested crop, threshing is doneharvested crop, threshing is done
either by hands or by bullock feet of byeither by hands or by bullock feet of by
using thresher. The grains areusing thresher. The grains are
collected after removal of chaps (graincollected after removal of chaps (grain
less paddy) by throwing in the air.less paddy) by throwing in the air.

10. Improved & High yielding varieties forImproved & High yielding varieties for
Orissa are as follows, according to theirOrissa are as follows, according to their
maturity.maturity.
1. (A) Early varieties (sarad) – Ratna, Padma, Parijata,1. (A) Early varieties (sarad) – Ratna, Padma, Parijata,
Kumar suphla. (Summer season)Kumar suphla. (Summer season)
(B) Medium (Sarad) – Hema, Rajeshwari, Jaya,(B) Medium (Sarad) – Hema, Rajeshwari, Jaya,
Kumarsakti, Vijaya.Kumarsakti, Vijaya.
Both the types are ready from June to Dec.Both the types are ready from June to Dec.
2. (A) Early varieties (Dalua) – Pusa 2-21, Bala, Cauvery,2. (A) Early varieties (Dalua) – Pusa 2-21, Bala, Cauvery,
Parijata. (Winter season)Parijata. (Winter season)
(B) Medium – Ratna, Kumar, Supriya & Krishna.(B) Medium – Ratna, Kumar, Supriya & Krishna.
Both the types are ready from Dec to April.Both the types are ready from Dec to April.
3. (A) Early Varieties (Beali) – Pusa 2-21, Bala, Cauvery &3. (A) Early Varieties (Beali) – Pusa 2-21, Bala, Cauvery &
Parijata, Ready from April/May to September in upland.Parijata, Ready from April/May to September in upland.
11stst
Month is for sowing & last month is for harvesting &Month is for sowing & last month is for harvesting &
threshing in the above varieties.threshing in the above varieties.

11. SWATHI MAM - [SCIENCE]SWATHI MAM - [SCIENCE]
SRIVENI MAM - [ENGLISH]SRIVENI MAM - [ENGLISH]
Guided ByGuided By