10. REPORTED SPEECH
Have you heard
Maria said that
Really! Viktor the newsaid that
Larisa teacher
the latest gossip
No, whatthat
told me is it?
Wow! Yeah, I the new teacher
didn’t givenew
about the any
students
heard he was had given all the
teacher?
homework.
could eat in
an easy students an A
his class.
teacher. last semester.
11. DIRECT SPEECH
“In text we “Speech
In direct speech put marks are
we use the speech also
speaker’s own marks called
words. around the inverted
words commas”
spoken”
12. INDIRECT SPEECH
In indirect speech, we do not use the exact words of
the speaker.
Instead we report what was said.
We sometimes need to change pronouns and verb
tenses. We don’t use speech marks.
“I am going
home.” Helen said she was going
home.
13. USING DIRECT SPEECH
When using direct speech in your writing you need to use
the correct punctuation.
• The exact words spoken must be enclosed in speech
marks.
• The first word of the speech must begin with a capital
letter.
• The words in the speech marks must be separated from
the rest of the sentence by a comma.
• You must use a new line when a new speaker begins to
speak.
14. USING INDIRECT SPEECH
Using speech in fiction and non-fiction writing adds variety.
However, writing out long pieces of direct speech can make
your writing confusing. It also slows down the action.
Reported speech can summarise what the speaker has said so
that the action moves along more quickly.
Reported speech is useful when you want a contrast between
what a character says and what he or she is thinking.
16. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• now then
• today that day
• tomorrow the next day
the day after
the following day
a day later
• next the … after
the following …
17. DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH
• last … the … before
the previous …
the preceding …
• … ago … before
… earlier
• yesterday the day before
the previous day
the preceeding day
• here there
• this that
• these those
18. TENSES
THE CHANGE IN THE TENSE OF A
PASSAGE IS SUBSEQUENT TO THE
SPEECH-RELATED CHANGES.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
Simple Present Simple Past
Present Continuous Past Continuous
Simple Past Tense Past Perfect
Present Perfect Past Perfect
19. EXAMPLES
“The She said
teacher the teacher
is strict.” was strict.
He said
“The teacher the
is giving teacher
everyone an was
A.” giving
everyone
an A.
20. EXAMPLES
She said
“Somebody somebody
put the final
had put the
exam on the final exam
Internet.” on the
Internet.
“The
teacher has
graded our Joe said the
grammar teacher had
tests.” graded our
grammar tests.
21. CHANGE DIRECT
EXERCISE 1 SPEECH INTO INDIRECT
SPEECH…
Example:
“My friend is helping me study.” She said…
She said her friend was helping her study.
1. “The library is closed.” He said…
He said the library was closed.
2. “We have registered for classes.” They said…
They said they had registered for classes.
3. “She got an A on the test.” You said…
You said she had gotten an A on the test.
22. TENSES
The Modal Auxiliary (helping) Verbs
are changed into their past forms.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
will would
can could
may might
must had to
23. EXAMPLES
“The test He said the test
will be would be
difficult.” difficult.
“You can She said we
use your could use
notes on our notes
the test.” on the test.
24. EXAMPLES
“We may
She said we
have a
might have a
substitute
substitute
teacher.”
teacher.
“You must
study hard She said we
for the final had to study
exam.” hard for the
final exam.
25. CHANGE DIRECT
EXERCISE 2 SPEECH INTO INDIRECT
SPEECH…
Example:
“You can relax about the exam.” She said…
She said I could relax about the exam.
1. “We’ll help you with your homework.” They said…
They said they would help me with my homework.
2. “Anna must finish her paper.” He said…
He said Anna had to finish her paper.
3. “She may take a different class.” You said…
You said she might take a different class.
26. TENSES
THE FOLLOWING MODALS DO NOT CHANGE
DEPENDING ON THE SPEECH-RELATED
CHANGES : Should, Could, might, and ought to.
“You She said I
shouldn’t shouldn’t tell
tell this this secret to
secret to anyone.
anyone.”
“You ought He said I
to tell this to ! ought to tell
a friend.” this to a
friend.
27. TENSES
“If thought I had chosen
“I I had studied, I would
“I could have gotten help He said if he had studied, he
He said he could have had
thought he gotten
have gotten an A.”
the easy teacher.”
from a tutor.” chosen have gotten an A.
would the easy teacher.
help from a tutor.
28. CHANGE DIRECT
EXERCISE 3 SPECCH INTO INDIRECT
SPEECH…
Example:
“We ought to study some more.” He said…
He said we ought to study some more.
1. “If I knew, I would tell you.” She said…
She said if she knew, she would tell me.
2. “I might have known the test was difficult.” He said…
He said he might have known the test was difficult.
3. “She had had that teacher before.” We said…
We said she had had that teacher before.
29. Do you understand reported speech
better NOW than you did BEFORE?
Congratulations!
Keep practicing!!!
And please . . . ask
if you need assistance!
