This file shows the luster, hardness, color, cleavage, streak, fracture, crystal system, chemical composition, and remarks of different types of minerals... the texture, color, mineral composition, intrusive or extrusive, equivalent, felsic or mafic of the igneous rocks... and the rock type, texture, grain size, composition, and other comments on the sedimentary rocks... all in pictures and tables.

1. Name Luster Hardness
Color Cleavage
Crystal
system
Chemical
composition
Remarks
(other
properties
as: smell,
reaction
with acid
Streak Fracture
Talc Pearly 1
Colorless Perfect
Monoclinic MgSi4O(OH)2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White to
pale
green
Yes
Topaz Vitreous 8
Brown Perfect
Orthorhombic
Al2SiO4(F,
OH)2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
Colorless Yes
Quartz Vitreous 7
White None
Hexagonal SiO2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
Colorless Yes

2. Halide Vitreous 2.5
Brown Perfect
Isometric NaCl
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White Yes
Apatite
Vitreous, to
sub
resinous
5
Green Poor
Hexagonal
Ca5(Po4)3
F/OH/Cl
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White Yes
Gypsum
Vitreous,
silky,
sugary
2
White Perfect
Monoclinic
CaSo4
2H2O
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White Yes
Bauxite Earthy 1 to 3
Orange None
n/a
Aluminum
oxides and
aluminum
hydroxides
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White No

3. Pyrite Metallic 6 to 6.5
Brass
yellow
Yes
Isometric FeS2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
Brownish
black
No
Azurite
Vitreous,
earthy
3.5 to 4
Deep
blue
One
poor
One
perfect Monoclinic
Cu3(CO3)2
(OH)2
No smell
Strong
warm acid
reaction
Light
blue
No
Fluorite Vitreous 4
Grey Perfect
Isometric CaF2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White No
Bornite
Submetallic
to metallic
3
Purple Poor
Orthorhombic Cu5FeS4
Smell like a
lightning
match
Grayish
black
No

4. Galena Metallic 2.5 - 3
Steel-
gray
Isometric PbS
No smell
No reaction
with acid
Steel-
gray
Amethyst Vitreous 7
Light to
dark
purple
Hexagonal SiO₂
No smell
No reaction
with acid
White
Muscovit
e mica
Pearly 2-2.5
Colorless
Monoclinic
KAl2(AlSi3O10)
(F, OH)2
No smell
No reaction
with acid
Colorless

5. Calcite
Vitreous
3 Colorless Hexagonal CaCO3 No smell
No reaction
with acid
white
Hematite
Vitreous,
to sub
resinous
5-6 Black Hexagonal Fe2O3
No smell
No reaction
with acid
d
Minerals

6. Rock
name
Texture Color
Mineral
composition
Intrusive
Extrusive
Equivalent
Felsic or
mafic
Granite Phaneritic
Gray and
black
Orthoclase,
quartz,
plagioclase,
micas,
amphibole
Intrusive Rhyolite Felsic
Basalt Aphanitic
Brown
white
grey
Plagioclase,
pyroxene,
micas,
amphibole,
olivine
Extrusive Gabbro Mafic
Gabbro Phaneritic
Greenish
or dark
Plagioclase,
pyroxene,
micas,
olivine
Intrusive Basalt Mafic
Rhyolite Aphanitic Pink
Orthoclase,
quartz,
plagioclase,
micas,
amphibole
Extrusive Granite Felsic

7. Obsidian Glassy Black - - - -
Peridotite Phaneritic
Dark
colored
brown
and grey
Olivine,
pyroxene
Intrusive - Ultramafic
Pumice Vesicular Grey
Orthoclase,
quartz,
plagioclase
- -
Felsic and
intermediate
Diorite Phaneritic
Speckled
black
Orthoclase,
quartz,
plagioclase
Intrusive Andesite Intermediate

8. Andesite Aphanitic
Bluish
grey
Plagioclase,
amphibole,
pyroxene
Extrusive Diorite Intermediate
Pegmatitic Pegmatitic Pink
Orthoclase,
quartz,
plagioclase
Intrusive - Felsic
Igneous rocks

9. Rock name Rock type Texture Grain size Composition Comments
Chert Biochemical
Fine to
clastic
Microcrystalline
Mainly
quartz
(SiO2)
is a hard
Chalk Clastic - Calcite
Is soft,
white
Breccia Detrital Course Over 2mm -
Broken
fragment
Conglomerate Detrital Course Over 2mm -
Color: tan
to brown

10. Dolomitised
limestone
Chemical Non-clastic -
Calcite
(CaCo3)
They share
same color
ranges of
white-to-
gray and
white-to-
light brown
Gypsum Chemical
Fine to
course
Non-clastic
-
Gypsum
(CaSO4)
Is a soft
Sandstone Detrital Course Over 2mm -
May be any
due to
impurities
within the
minerals
Coal Chemical Non-clastic - -
Color:
black or
brownish-
black

11. Fossiliferous
limestone
Biochemical Clastic -
Calcite
(CaCo3)
Color: light
to medium
gray
Shale Detrital Very fine
Less than
1/256mm
-
Color: dark
to grey
Sedimentary rock
Prepared by /Masa khayal