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Conjunctivitis
- 2. CONJUNCTIVITIS DEFINITION •Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the conjunctiva characterized by cellular infiltration and exudation.
- 3. CLASSIFICATION 1.INFECTIVE CONJUNCTIVITIS BACTERIAL • ACUTE BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS • HYPERACUTE CONJUNCTIVITIS • CHRONIC CONJUNCTIVITIS • ANGULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS • TRACHOMA • ADULT INCLUSION CONJUNCTIVITIS • NEONATAL CHLAMYDIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS VIRAL CONJUNCTIVITIS • ADENOVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS • ENTEROVIRUS CONJUNCTIVITIS • MOLLUSUM CONTAGIOSUM • HSV CONJUNCTIVITIS OPHTHALIA NEONATORUM GRANULOMATOUS CONJUNCTIVITIS
- 4. CLASSIFICATION 2.ALLERGIC CONJUNCTIVITIS SIMPLE ALLERGIC PHLYCTENULAR VERNAL (SPRING CATARRH) GIANT PAPILLARY. 3.CICATRICIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS OCULAR MUCOUS MEMBRANE PEMPHIGOID STEVENS JOHNSONS SYNDROME TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS SECONDARY CICATRICIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS 4.TOXIC CONJUNCTIVITIS
- 5. BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS Bacterial contamination of the eye
- 6. Predisposing factors Mode of infection Causative organisms Flies, Poor hygienic conditions Hot dry climate Poor sanitation and Dirty habits 1. EXOGENOUS INFECTION: • Close contact, as air-borne infections or water-borne infections; • Vector Transmission (e.g., flies); or • Infected fingers of doctors, nurses, common towels, handkerchiefs, and infected tonometers. 2. LOCAL SPREAD • Infected lacrimal sac, lids, and nasopharynx. 3. Endogenous infections • Gonococcal and meningococcal infections. • Staphylococcus aureus • Streptococcus pneumoniae • Streptococcus pyogenes • Haemophilus influenzae • Moraxella lacunata • Pseudomona pyocyanea • Neisseria gonorrhoeae • Neisseria meningitidis • Corynebacterium diphtheria
- 7. Acute bacterial conjunctivitis Its characterized by marked conjunctival hyperemia and mucopurulent discharge from the eye
- 8. Causative organisms Symptoms Signs • Staph aureus • Koch-weeks bacillus • Pneumococcus • Streptocossus • Discomfort • Foreign body sensation • Grittiness • Blurring of vison • Redness of sudden onset • Mild photophobia • Mucopurulent discharge sticking together lid margins • Colored halos • Fakes of mucopus (fornices, canthi and lid margins) • Conjunctival congestion- fiery red eye • Chemosis • Petechial haemorrhages (pneumococcus)
- 9. COMPLICATIONS • SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE EPITHELIOPATHY • MARGINAL CORNEAL ULCERATION • SUPERFICIAL KERATITIS • BLEPHARITIS • DACRYOCYSTITIS
- 11. Treatment Don’t Preventive measures Topical antibiotis • Chloramphenicol • Gentamicin • Tobramicin • Freyamicin Anti-inflammatory Analgesics Irrigation of conjuctival sac with sterile warm saline Dark goggles No bandage No steroids Frequent handwashing Avoidance of sharing towels, handkerchief and pillow with others
- 12. I. Hyperacute bacterial conjunctivitis • AKA. ACUTE PURULENT CONJUNCTIVITIS OR ACUTE BLENORRHEA • Characterized by violent purulent inflammatory response
- 13. Etiology Clinical features treatment • Gonococcus • Complications • Corneal odema, ulceration, perforation, central necrosis • Iridocyclitis • Systemic complications • Gonorrhea arthritis • Endocartitis • Septicaemia Symptoms • Pain • Purulent discharge • Swelling of eyelids Signs • Eyelids are tense and swollen • Tenderness • Discharge-thick purulent and copious • Conjuctiva-Chemosis, red velvety appearance • Pseudomembrane maybe seen on the conjunctival surface Systemic therapy • 3rd gen cephalosporins • Quinolones Topical antibiotis • Ofloxacin • Ciprofloxacin • Tobramycin Topical atropine Irrigation of eyes
- 14. II. CHRONIC BACTERIAL CONJUNCTIVITIS Mild catarrhal inflammation of conjuctiva
- 15. Etiology Clinical features Treatment Staph aureus Rare proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumonia E. coli Moraxella lacunata Symptoms • Burning and grittiness of eye • Mild chronic redness • Difficulty keeping eyes open • Mild mucoid discharge • Watering • Feeling of sleepiness Signs • Congestion of posterior conjunctival vessels • Mild papillary hypertrophy in palpebral conjunctiva • Sticky look on the surface of the conjunctiva • Lid margins maybe congested Topical antibiotics • Chloramphenicol • Tobramycin • Gentamicin Astringent eye drops • Zinc-boric acid drops
- 16. III. ANGULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS • It’s a mild grade inflammation confined to the conjunctiva and lid margins near the angles associated with maceration of the surrounding skin
- 17. Etiology Causative organism • Moraxella axenfield Source • Nasal cavity Mode of infection • Contaminated fingers or handkerchief
- 18. Pathology MA bacillus Proteolytic enzyme collected at angles by action of tears Maceration of the conjunctival ep., lid margins and surrounding skin Vascular and cellular response Mild grade chronic inflammation
- 19. Symptoms Signs Treatment • Irritation • Burning sensation • Discomfort in the eye • Redness in the angle of the eyes • Dirty-white foamy discharge at the angles Complications • Blepharitis • Shallow marginal catarrhal corneal ulcer • Hyperemia of bulbar conjunctiva near canthi • Hyperemia of lid margins near angles • Excoriation of skin near angles Curative treatment • Oxytetracycline eye ointment • Zinc lotion
- 20. THANKYOU
Editor's Notes
- Consider talking about: Eye examination Specialized tests
- Consider talking about: Ancient near east and the Greek period Ancient India Medieval Islam Modern Period Ophthalmic surgery in Great Britain 19th and 20th centuries Central Europe
- Consider talking about: Australia and New Zealand Bangladesh Canada Finland India Nepal Ireland Pakistan Philippines United Kingdom
- Consider talking about: 18th–19th centuries 20th–21st centuries
- Consider talking about: 18th–19th centuries 20th–21st centuries