The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator created by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in order to determine the level of development of the countries of the world.
1. Technological Institute of Saltillo
Long distance education
Industrial engineer
Fifth semester
Subject: Sustainable development
Student: José David Rodríguez Martinez
Control number: 16052055
Teacher: Engineer Juan Carlos Loyola Licea
Topic: Human Development Index
Unit: Social Dimension
09/12/2018 Saltillo, Coahuila
2. Human Development Index
Human development is the process by which a society improves the
living conditions of its members through an increase in assets that can
cover their basic and complementary needs, and the creation of a social
environment in which they respect the human rights of all of them. It is
also considered as the number of options that a human being has in his
own environment, to be or do what he wants to be or do. Human
Development could also be defined as a way of measuring the quality of
life of the human being in the environment in which it develops.
3. Human societies are constantly changing socially, not only in terms of
the technological advances of which we are aware, but also in
everything related to social development. That is why the concept of
human development has gradually moved away from the sphere of
economics to incorporate other aspects equally relevant to life, such as
culture, which also redefined its role in the face of development.
4. Thus, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) today defines
human development as "the process of expanding the capabilities of
people who expand their options and opportunities." Such a definition
associates development directly with the progress of life and human
well-being, with the strengthening of capacities related to all the things
that a person can be and do in his life in full and in all fields, with the
freedom to be able to live as we would like to do and with the possibility
that all individuals are subjects and beneficiaries of development.
5. Human development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator of human
development by country, developed by the United Nations
Development Program (UNDP).
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a synthetic indicator of
the average achievements obtained in the fundamental
dimensions of human development, namely, having a long and
healthy life, acquiring knowledge and enjoying a decent standard
of living. The HDI is the arithmetic mean of the normalized indices
of each of the three dimensions.
6. The dimension of health is evaluated according to life expectancy
at birth, and that of education is measured by the average years of
schooling of adults of 25 years or more and by the expected years
of schooling of children of school age. The dimension of the
standard of living is measured according to the GNI per capita.
7. Gini Index
The Gini coefficient is a measure of the inequality devised by the
Italian statistician Corrado Gini. It is usually used to measure income
inequality, within a country, but can be used to measure any form of
unequal distribution. The Gini coefficient is a number between 0 and
1, where 0 corresponds to perfect equality (all have the same income)
and where the value 1 corresponds to the perfect inequality (one
person has all the income and the others none ).
8. Although the Gini coefficient is mostly used to measure income
inequality, it can also be used to measure inequality in wealth. This use
requires that nobody has a negative net wealth.
9. The Gini coefficient is calculated as a proportion of the areas in the
Lorenz curve diagram. If the area between the line of perfect equality
and the Lorenz curve is a, and the area below the Lorenz curve is b,
then the Gini coefficient is a / (a + b).
This proportion is expressed as a percentage or numerical equivalent
of that percentage, which is always a number between 0 and 1. The
Gini coefficient is often calculated with the Brown Formula, which is
more practical:
10. Index of human development adjusted
for inequality (IHDI)
The HDI adjusted by Inequality (IDH-D) is an indicator of the level of
human development of the people of a society and that takes into
account their degree of inequality. In a society with perfect equality, the
HDI and the IDH-D have the same value.
11.
12. Conclusion
The HDI was created to emphasize that people and their
capabilities should be the ultimate criteria for assessing the
development of a country, not economic growth alone. The HDI
can also be used to question national policy choices, asking how
two countries with the same level of GNI per capita can end up
with different human development outcomes. These contrasts can
stimulate debate about government policy priorities.
13. The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of
average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a
long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and have a decent
standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized
indices for each of the three dimensions.
14. Inequality and poverty caused Mexico, the fifteenth world economy, to
stagnate in place 77 of the list of the Human Development Index (HDI)
published today by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP),
five places by under which occupied in 2010.
When considering the high coefficient of inequality that prevails in the
country, especially in terms of income, but also in education and life
expectancy, Mexico would descend 12 places in the UNDP
classification. On the contrary, when considering only GDP per
inhabitant that rises to 16 thousand 383 dollars per person, it would go
up to place 68.
