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Biology and farming of corn snake (pet snake)
- 1. Biology and Farming of Corn Snake (Pet snake) Puja Banmali Course: Tropical Specialty Aquaculture College Of Aquaculture and Fisheries12/22/2020 1
- 2. Reasons for farming snakes meat skin pets cosmetics medicines 12/22/2020 2
- 3. Red Corn Snake California King snake Rosy Boa Ball Python Gopher Snake 5 Great Pet Snakes 12/22/2020 3
- 4. Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttata) • Distribution: Native to southeastern USA • Named after their body scales • Good climbers • Escape artists • Color: Orangish-brown, usually a black and white belly pattern • 4-6 ft long, live up to 20 years • Carnivore 12/22/2020 4
- 5. BREEDING OF CORN SNAKE IN CAPTIVITY Many different corn snake hybrids are bred in captivity one of the most popular types of snakes to keep in captivity or as pets size, calm temperament, and ease of care contribute to this popularity Captive corn snakes tolerate being handled by their owners, even for extended periods 12/22/2020 5
- 6. 12/22/2020 6
- 7. Mating Relatively easy to breed Usually put through a cooling (also known as brumation) period that takes 60–90 days to get them ready for breeding Around 10 to 16 °C Cannot be disturbed and with little sunlight Breeding occurs from April-June 12/22/2020 7 Male Female
- 8. Egg Laying Egg-laying occurs slightly more than a month after mating 12-24 eggs are laid during the summer, and newborns hatch in July-September Separate the female after mating Pre egg- laying shed: within 3 to 4 weeks12/22/2020 8
- 9. The eggs are oblong with leathery, flexible shells Corn Snake Eggs Hatching: 10 weeks after laying Young snakes use a specialized scale called an egg tooth to slice slits in the egg shell About 5 inch long 12/22/2020 9
- 10. Housing Baby corn snakes: Plastic vivarium the size of a large shoebox First several months Adult corn snakes: At least 20- gallon long reptile terrarium Adult corn snakes: can be housed together FARMING 12/22/2020 10
- 11. Aspen shavings mulch-type such as coconut fiber bedding Reptile bark Dampened sphagnum moss. Types Of Substrates 12/22/2020 11
- 12. Corn snakes are carnivores Captive corn snakes : pre-killed frozen mice, properly thawed • Size of prey: increased as snake grows • Feed juveniles once a week, adults every one to two weeks. Diets • Hatchlings: pinkie mice for feedings 12/22/2020 12
- 13. Temperature And Light • Hot end of the enclosure should be 27˚C to 30˚C • Cool end should be approximately 23˚C to 26˚C Ideally night time temps should not dip below 18C • Provide: 8 to 12 hours of light daily • Don't leave white light on at all times • At night: a nocturnal or infrared light should be used12/22/2020 13
- 14. Hiding Area Provide a hiding area just large enough for your snake to fit inside • A branch or decor to climb on 12/22/2020 14
- 15. Shedding Small snakes: about once every few weeks Adult snakes: about once every few weeks only every few months. • Ensure humidity of habitat at appropriate level to allow snake to shed properly • Maintain 40 to 60% humidity; higher during shedding12/22/2020 15
- 16. Habitat Maintenance Clean and disinfect the habitat at least once a week Place snake in a secure habitat Dry the tank and furnishings completely Rinse thoroughly with water, removing all traces of bleach smell Scrub the tank and furnishings with a 3% bleach solution Add clean substrate 12/22/2020 16
- 17. What are some of the common diseases of pet snakes? Constipation Stomatitis Internal parasites (various worms and coccidia) and external parasites (ticks and mites) Skin conditions Respiratory problems Regurgitation/vomiting 12/22/2020 17
- 18. Symptoms • Changes in behavior • Loss of appetite • Lethargy • Difficulty breathing • Wrinkled or retained skin • Abnormal wee or poo • Regurgitation/vomiting or weight loss • Lumps or swelling • Swelling or discharge from the eyes or nose 12/22/2020 18
- 19. How are snake diseases treated? Infectious stomatitis: injectable antibiotics and rinsing the mouth with antibiotic solutions Parasitic infections: deworming medications are administered to the snake either orally or through injection Dermatitis: proper environment and hygiene Oral and injectable antibiotics, as well as topical therapy Respiratory disease: oral or injectable antibiotics and occasionally nose or eye drops Septicemia: requires aggressive treatment in the hospital Antibiotics, fluid therapy, and force- feeding are needed in an attempt to save the snake 12/22/2020 19
- 20. 12/22/2020 20
Editor's Notes
- Snakes were mostly harvested from wild for all the purposes at past. But now, people have started farming the snakes to fulfil the high demand of meat, skin, pets and cosmetics. People like to eat snake meat as a very delicate cuisine in countries like Vietnam, China, etc. Skin are used to make expensive fashion items as snake leather. Beautiful and attractive snakes are used as pets by scientists and snake lovers. Snake venom relaxes the muscles and thus prevent wrinkles. Many farms culture snakes to extract the venom and produce anti venom for treating the snake bites.
- There are many types of snakes, both small and large, kept as pets. With approximately 2,900 snake species found all across the world, its not surprising that there are all sorts of snakes readily available to choose from Many snakes make good pets because they are quite docile, easy to hold, and easy to care for. Snakes are very clean, virtually odorless, and they are quiet. Other than the large boas and pythons, they don't eat much, so they are inexpensive to feed as well. most popular pet reptiles due to its ease of care, attractive appearance, and docile demeanor.
- Constrictors- wrapping around their prey Sometimes called rat snakes Typically feed every few days Young- eat lizards and tree frogs Adults eat mice, rat, birds and bats
- Corn snakes are relatively easy to breed. Wt of male and female for breeing should be greater than 200 grams Although not necessary, they are usually put through a cooling (also known as brumation) period that takes 60–90 days to get them ready for breeding. Corn snakes brumate around 10 to 16 °C (50 to 61 °F) in a place where they cannot be disturbed and with little sunlight. Corn snakes usually breed shortly after the winter cooling. The male courts the female primarily with tactile and chemical cues,
- After you are confident that a successful breeding took place keep the female alone in her own enclosure. Feed her heavily, dusting with calcium d3 supplement. I even offered hopper mice two at a time when she refused a large mouse. Within three to four weeks she will shed. This is her pre egg-laying shed.
- the adult snake abandons the eggs and does not return to them 26-30 degree celcius temperature for incubation Humidity 75-90%
- Baby corn snakes can easily live in a plastic vivarium the size of a large shoebox for the first several months of their lives. Adult corn snakes need a cage Size – Appropriately sized and shaped habitat for an baby colubrid to accommodate normal behavior and exercise. At least a 20L to 40B is recommended. at least the size of a 20-gallon long reptile terrarium, but bigger is even better.
- The most frequently used substrates for Corn Snakes is aspen bedding as it allows for burrowing. A juvenile corn snake may need just a couple inches of substrate, however, for adults, adding even more can be very beneficial to allow the corn snake enough to feel comfortable, and even burrow if interested. Younger corn snakes are often more interested in burrowing than adults.
- Hatchlings are started out on pinkie mice for feedings, and the size of the prey should be increased as the snake grows Corn snakes eat 1 frozen/thawed mouse every 7-14 days, from pinkies to large mouse depending on the size of the corn snake. A large bowl of tap water should be present in their enclosure and will need to be replaced every day. Corn snakes are very easy to feed and almost never refuse a meal. Firstly, the easiest way to gauge what size mouse is needed is by comparing the girth of the mouse to the girth of your snake’s belly. The mouse should be about the same size around, or a touch larger. If you feed them a mouse equivalent to this size, feeding once a week is ideal. Because corn snakes vary in size, there is no exact food size to follow. A hatchling Corn Snake is best eating pinky mice, while adult corn snakes usually need adult or large mice. All mice should be “naturally” de-frosted by leaving them for a few hours (do NOT place in a microwave or in boiling water to speed up the thawing process).
- At night, the temperature can drop into the high 60s without issue. If the temperature is too low, a night time heat bulb can be use to raise the temperature. All temperatures should be routinely monitored to insure your pet corn snake is getting the heat it needs. Many such products exist on the market for this purpose, including temp guns and digital thermometers.
- One long, skinny hide, such as a hollow log or PVC pipe, can be placed so one end of the hide is cool and one end is warm. Be sure to check the temperature inside the warm end of the hide — not on the glass. Temperatures can vary quite a bit within just a few inches, so thermometer and hide box placement is important.
- As your corn snake grows, it will shed it's skin. This usually happens about once every few weeks when they are small. The time between sheds increases as they get older. As an adult, a corn snake may shed only every few months.
- Thoroughly clean and disinfect the habitat at least once a week: place snake in a secure habitat; scrub the tank and furnishings with a 3% bleach solution; rinse thoroughly with water, removing all traces of bleach smell; dry the tank and furnishings completely and add clean substrate.
- Cryptosporidiosis is a protozoal parasite that can infect snakes and cause thickening of the stomach muscles (that, from outside the snake, appears as a round, mid-body swelling ), impaired digestion, vomiting, and weight loss. They may however, cause diarrhea, breathing difficulties, regurgitation, swelling of internal organs, itching, skin irritation, anemia, mouth infection (mites can transmit the bacteria that cause infection), and weight loss. Skin infection (dermatitis) is often seen in snakes (and other reptiles) kept in environments that are too moist and/or dirty. Snakes may have red, inflamed skin with numerous small, blister-like lesions that may be on the underside of the snake making them easy to miss. Most respiratory infections in snakes are caused by bacteria and may occur in conjunction with stomatitis. Viruses, fungi, and parasites can also cause respiratory disease.
- The type of parasite identified determines which drug is needed. Some parasite problems, such as cryptosporidiosis, may be difficult, if not impossible, to treat. Any of these diseases can be severe enough to cause a loss of appetite and lethargy. Seek immediate veterinary care if your pet snake shows any deviation from normal.