Simbastatin , fermentation , side effects, mechanism of action , production of simvastatin

1. SIMVASTATIN
BY
PROTTAY DUTTA
MPH/10055/20
M.PHARM IN PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
PHARMACEUTICAL PROCESS CHEMISTRY(MPC 204T)

2. INTRODUCTION
• Simvastatin is a Hypolipedemic drug belonging to the class of Statins.
• It is a Lipid-lowering Agent, and is derived synthetically from Lovastatin (formerly
known as Mevinclin) which was isolated from Aspergillus Terreus.
• Simvastatin is chemically modified derivative of lovastatin.
• It reduces very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), triglycerides (TG) and increases high
density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).

3. • It is used along with exercise, diet, and weight loss to decrease elevated lipid levels.
• It is also used to decrease the risk of heart problems in those at high risk.
• It is taken by mouth.
• They are improvement in Endothelial Function, Decreasing Vascular Inflammation,
Inhibiting Smooth muscle Proliferation And Immunomodulation.
• In the present study, Anti-inflammatory effect of simvastatin was evaluated and it was
compared with diclofenac sodium by using Digital Plethysmometer.

4. • Simvastatin (Zocor) is used to treat hypercholesterolemia.
• Half life -2 hrs.
• HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor.
• Metabolized by : CYP3A4 and carboxyl esterases.
• Bioavailability of simvastatin is 5 %.

5. SIDE EFFECTS
• A very small number of people taking simvastatin may have mild memory problems or
confusion.
• may cause or worsen diabetes.
• may rarely cause liver problems.
• symptoms of a serious allergic reaction, including: rash, itching/swelling (especially of the
face/tongue/throat), severe dizziness, trouble breathing.

6. MECHANISM OF ACTION

7. PRODUCTION OF SIMVASTATIN
Monacolin J is manufactured through alkaline hydrolysis of
lovastatin, a fungal polyketide produced by Aspergillus terreus.
Multistep chemical processes for the conversion of lovastatin to
simvastatin are laborious, cost expensive and environmentally
unfriendly. A biocatalysis process for monacolin J conversion to
simvastatin has been developed. However, direct bioproduction of
monacolin J has not yet been achieved. Here, we identified a
lovastatin hydrolase from Penicillium chrysogenum, which displays
a 232-fold higher catalytic efficiency for the in vitro hydrolysis of
lovastatin compared to a previously patented hydrolase, but no
activity for simvastatin. Furthermore, we showed that an industrial
A. terreus strain heterologously expressing this lovastatin hydrolase
can produce monacolin J through single-step fermentation with
high efficiency, approximately 95% of the biosynthesized lovastatin
was hydrolyzed to monacolin J. Our results demonstrate a simple
and green technical route for the production of monacolin J, which
makes complete bioproduction of the cholesterol-lowering drug
simvastatin feasible and promising.

8. PHARMACOKINETICS PARAMETER
• Cmax = Maximum drug concentration
• Tmax = The time of the maximum concentration.
• AUC= Area under the curve.
• Ke = Elimination rate .
• t1/2 = The drug half life.
t1/2 = ln2/ke

9. REFERENCE
• https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1096717617301180
• rxList the internet drug index . Zocor. http://www.rxlist.com/zocor-drug.htm.
Accessed on 13/10/2013.
• https://www.drugs.com/simvastatin.html#side-effects
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12067471/