Farming systems

1. C·cnturion
U:-.Jl'ERSITY
Types offarming system
1. : " • • • I .. • • rn• • ·=•=="- ''
Subsistence farming: Entire production is for
family consumption
► Commercial farming: Entire surplus is to sell in
the market
► Intensive farming (Maximum output per unit
of land): The farms are usually small wherein
high inputs of money, labour or technology is used
to achieve high output or yield from unit area of
land.
► Extensive farming: It is practiced in large patches
of land.
► Plantation farming: It is the farming in estates
where single cash crop is grown for sale

2. Centurion
ll'.11'ERSIT'
Accordin~ to cultivation
► Collective farming- Direct collection of plant
products from non-arable land.
► Cultivation farming- Farmers cultivates the
land for growing crops and rearing livestock.
Accordin~ to size offann
► Small scale farming: Farming done on small
size of holding and other factors of
production are small in quantity and scale of
production is also small.
► Large scale farming: Farming done on large
size holding with large amount of capital,
large labour force, large organisation and
large risk.

3. C·c11111rion
ll~ IVERSITY
, .1,..1,,1,i r 1 . ''" 11+1/llu -
Accordin~ to value ofproduce
► Intensive cultivation: Land remains
fixed while other factors are increased
► Extensive cultivation: More area can be
brought under cultivation to increase
the output

4. Centurion
li'JIVERSITY
I lff/..111 r ,i . 1111 11,#l/u"•
Accordin~ to value ofthe produce and income
► Specialized farming: Farm in which 50% or
more income of totaI crop production is
derived from a single crop
► Diversified farming: Farm in which no
enterprise is contributing to 50% or more
income
► Mixed farming: Combination of crop with
rearing of livestock where at least 10% of its
gross income must be from livestock activity.

5. c·cnturion
li'lI11:RS11'
l ·ut/11'1, · / ' I •"' l,,#1/u·•
enous farmin stem:
Shifting cultivatio1
n : It refers to farming system
in North-Eastern areas in which land under
vegetation is cleared by slash and burn method.
Traditionally, fallow period is 10-20 years but in
recent times it is reduced to 2-5 years.
► Taungya cultivation: Scientifically managed
shifting cultivation Originated from Myanmar
Growing annual arable crops along with the
forestry species during early years of
establishment
► Zabo cultivation : Zabo means impounding of
water. Usually it is practiced in Nagaland. Rain
water is collected in ponds and cultivation fully
depends on amount of water stored in pond. It is
practiced in hill tops where terraces cannot be
constructed.

6. Centurion
ll'11VERSIry
1 ul{ot11 r •"' 1,.,,,1..
• FACTORS AFFECTING TYPES OF
FARMING
1. Natural resources and climate
Science and technology
3. Trade liberalisation and market
development
4. Policies, institutions and the public good
5. Information and human capital
6. Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK)

7. ( ·cnturion
ll'Jt'ERSIT'
• Natural resources and climate:
• Interaction of natural resources, climate
and population determines the physical
basis for farming system
• Increased variability of climate and thus
agricultural productivity substantially
increases the risks faced by farmer
thus reducing investment and input use

8. Centurion
ll'.'IIVERSITY
2. Science and technology:
• Appropriate technology for different
agro-climatic conditions and local
needs of the people determine the
farming system in that region
• During last 4-5 years investment in
agriculture science and technology
expanded resulting in technical and
institutional reforms
• Present day research is much focussed
intensifying crop and livestock
production

9. c·cnturio n
ll'.'JIVERSITY
1· i;t,o,·111 , r )": ,m l+,1J11.. ·•
3. Trade liberalization and market development
► Marketing and processing are basic two pre-
requistes for promoting IFS under given agro-
ecological conditions.
► If market for alternative produce from IFS is
assured then farmers are motivated to diversify
farming.
4. Policies, Institutions and the public good
► Policy framework of government for rural
infrastructure transport, irrigation, storage
facilitiespmriri9itagtt»ves
the farmers encourages agricultural diversification.
► Dynamic farming: system requires a conducive
policy environment.

10. c·cnturion
ll'JIVERSITY
I ..t/1,111 r 1111 lo,llllu •
5. Information and Human capital
► Evolution of fatming system based on increasing
specialization or integrated intensification
requires extra knowledge on the part of fatm
operators.
► This shows that there is a need ofbetter
information and enhanced human capital is
. .
1ncreasmg.
6. Indigenous Technical Knowledge
• ITK is that which people in a given community
have developed over time and continue to
develop.
• It is based on experience, often tested over longer
periods of use and thereby lays emphasis on
minimising risks rather than maximizing profits.

11. Factors influencing decisions on 1he selection of crops and cropping system
SELECTION OF CROPS
AND CROPPING
SYSTEM

12. 1. Crops and cropping system
2. Poultry
3. Piggery
4. Duck
5. Forest trees
6. Apicultureor bee-keeping
7. Dairy
8. Sheep and goat
9. Fish
10. Rabbit
11. Sericulture
12. Mushroom.
Farming System--components
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~ [ Farming Syatem-Componenta
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13. F..~CTORS .~FECTING F.Uu,llNG SY"STE~IS:
•
.
o------------------------------o-- ----------------------------
1) Pl1ysical factors - These include all external
conditions and influences affecting the life and
development of an organism.
o Climate
c Solar radiation
0 Rainfall
o Temperature
o Relative humidity
0o Wind
c Soils
c Soil aeration and soil structure Soil reaction
c Soil fertility
c Supply of mineral nutrients
o Absence of growth-restrictingsubstances
I
o Topography- Position of farm on the top sequence

14. o Risk aversion
II. Biological factors c Attitude/goals
o Crops o Gender relations
o Livestock o Exogenous
o Weed o Population
o Pests o Tenure
o Diseases o Off-farm opportunities
• •
c. Social infrastructure
Ill. Soc10-econon11c
factors
o Credit 1/Iarkets Prices
o Endogenous
0 Tecrl..iOlogy
o Family composition o Input supply
o Health and nutrition o Extension
Education
ci Savings opportunities
(
o Food preferences