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Agriculture and Agronomy
- 1. Soil: Pedological and Edaphological concepts AGE18201 Introduction to Major Field Crops (1+1) Dr. S. Marimuthu., Ph.D. Asst. Professor (AGR) Dear Students
- 2. Unit I Principles of crop production AGE18201 Introduction to Major Field Crops (1+1) Dr. S. Marimuthu., Ph.D. Asst. Professor (AGR) Agriculture – Agronomy - definition - Agriculture as an art, science and business of crop production
- 3. Introduction • Agriculture - Latin word • Ager or Agri - Soil / Field • Cultura - Cultivation • Agriculture is a branch of applied science • “The science and art of farming including the work of cultivating the soil, producing crops and raising livestock” • “It is an art, science and business of producing crops and livestock for economic purposes”
- 4. Agriculture • Activities on the Ground for Raising Intended Crops for Uplifting Livelihood Through the Use of Rechargeable Energies • Three main spheres of agriculture • Geoponic system • Hydroponic system • Aeroponic system
- 5. Agriculture • It is productive unit - gifts of natures (land, light, water and temperature) - make a single primary unit (i.e crop plant) - indispensable for human beings • Secondary productive units of agriculture - Animals (livestock, birds and insects) which feed on the primary units and provide concentrated products (meat, milk, hide, wool, eggs, honey, silk and lac)
- 6. Branches of Agriculture Seven branches viz., • Agronomy • Horticulture • Forestry • Animal Science • Fishery Science • Agricultural Engineering and • Home Science
- 7. Agronomy- Definition • Agronomy - Greek word • ‘Agros’ - Field • ‘Nomos’ - To manage • Literally - The art of managing field • Technically - Science and economics of crop production by management of farm land • “Art and Science” - production and improvement of field crops - use of soil fertility, water, labour and other factors • Branch of agricultural science deals with “principles and practices of field management for production of field crops”
- 8. Agronomy Agronomy means • Activities on the • Ground to • Raise • Outspread and • Noble crops to • Obtain • Massive Yields • It deals with the production of various crops which includes food crops, fodder crops, fibre crops, sugar, oil seeds, etc. Pietro de’Crescenzi – Italian (1235-1320)
- 12. Crop Management Agronomy Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry Seed technology Agricultural Microbiology Crop-Physiology Agricultural Engg. Agricultural Meteorology
- 17. Agriculture - Importance • India is known as “Land of Villages” (67% population) – Agriculture - Dominant sector of our economy • National Economy: 1990 - 91 for 31.6% (17.2% for 2018-19) in Agriculture but manufacturing only 17.6% ( currently 30 %) • Total Employment: 65% population Agri and allied sectors • Nearly 70% of the rural population earns its livelihood from agriculture and other occupation allied to agriculture.
- 18. Importance • Industrial Inputs: All industries depend the raw material produced by agriculture (cotton textile, jute, paper, sugar, handloom and power loon, ginning and pressing, oil crushing, rice husking, sericulture fruit processing, etc are also mainly agro based industries) • Food Supply: 277 million tons to feed the growing population of India.
- 19. Importance • State Revenue: Agriculture taxation includes direct tax and indirect tax. • Trade: Attracting foreign exchange to economic development ( Agri based industries contributed to 50% of our export) • Indian agriculture plays and important role in roads, rails & waterways outside the countries.
- 20. Agriculture as an Art, Science and Business • Art - skill and experience • Inherited by seeing parents or elders through experience • Eg. Art of walking of a child • Agriculture - Skill is purely derived by physical work Agriculture as an art: Skill • Opening a straight furrow • Levelling the field Decision making • Selection of crops for a season
- 21. Agriculture as a Science • Science - systematic study of happenings of any thing • Technology - get maximum output, science helps to select a crop suitable to seasons at the appropriate time • Science of agricultural tries to give reasons • Farmers will become scientists if more sophisticated methods are given - Experience makes them scientists • Science of agriculture requires primarily mental skill and secondarily physical skill Yield Decrease IncreasePest and Diseases Nutrients
- 22. Agriculture as Business • Is purely business oriented nowadays • In agriculture business, quantity is ignored and profit is more • Eg. In Punjab, rice is produced during Kharif season for profit and commercial reason • Business of agriculture is purely economic • Marketing of crop produces
- 23. Agriculture Vs Industry 1 Resources are self generated Depends on raw materials 2 Direct producer Indirect producer 3 Primary sector Secondary sector 4 Production is not under control Under control 5 All the process is carried out by single person or family There are separate units and subunits 6 Owner himself is the labour Owner as a labour is less in industry 7 Inversely supported national income Directly supported to national income
- 24. Land utilization statistics - India • Total geographical area : 328.848 m. ha. • Total reporting area : 304.300 m. ha. • Area under cultivation : 143.000 m. ha. • Total cropped area : 179.750 m. ha. • Area sown more than once : 36.750 m. ha. • Area not available for cultivation : 161.300 m. ha • Area under forest : 66.400 m. ha.
- 25. Land utilization statistics - Tamil Nadu • Total geographical area :13.00 m. ha. • Total reporting area :13.00 m. ha. • Net area sown :5.74 m. ha. • Total cropped area :6.91 m. ha. • Area sown more than once :1.17 m. ha. • Area not available for cultivation :2.35 m. ha. • Area under forest :2.02 m. ha. • Fallow land :2.18 m. ha. • Other uncultivated land :0.71 m. ha.
- 26. Thanks a lot