About failures of perception Biases affecting perception Stereotyping Halo Effect Projection Self-Fulfilling Prophecy Primacy Effect

1. By,
A.Priyanka
The Reasons of Perception Failure

2. To Be Discussed:
 About failures of perception
 Biases affecting perception
Stereotyping
Halo Effect
Projection
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy
Primacy Effect
 Conclusion

3. About Perception Failure:
 Perception is the starting point of human behavior.
Through the perception process an individual selects,
organizes and interprets information and this forms the
basis for his or her behavior.
 Perception often plays spoilsport with our behavior.
For instance, how we perceive others affects how we
treat them.

4. Biases Affecting Perception:
Percepti
on
Stere
otypi
ng
Halo
Effect
Proje
ction
Self-
Fulfillin
g
Prophe
cy
Prim
acy
Effect

5. Perceptual Biases
 Stereotyping: It is understood as process of assigning
traits to people based on their membership in a social
category such as gender, profession, ethnicity, geography
etc. It is judging someone on the basis of one’s
perception of the group to which that person belongs.
 The process of stereotyping helps individuals assign
meaning to a mass of data. Stereotype is not prejudice.
Stereotypes can be helpful but, prejudice is never
helpful.

6. Perceptual Biases
 Halo Effect: It occurs when the impressions of a person
is usually based on one single predominant observable
characteristics.
For instance, if an employee is intelligent, he may also
be perceived as good, able, kind and in other positive
ways.
 Projection: It is attributing one's own characteristics to
other people. For example, if one happens to be , by
nature, suspicious of others, that individual would tend
to project it on to others and think they are suspicious of
him.

7. Perceptual Biases
 Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: It occurs when our
expectations about another person causes that person to
act in a way that is consistent with those expectations. In
other words our perception can influence the reality.
 Primacy Effect: It refers to the tendency to quickly form
an opinion of people by their first impressions. It is not a
reliable process to judge a person’s behavior by the first
meet.

8. Some Other biases
 Illusions: Illusions can also be one of the reasons for
the failure of perception. Perception often provides false
interpretation of sensory information.
 Expectations: Sometimes, expectations also influence
perception. For e.g. if a supervisor believes a new
employee will not be able to perform the job, this
expectation influences the supervisor’s behavior towards
the employee and without realizing it, may cause the new
hire to perform the job poorly

9. Conclusion
 Perception is the process of receiving information about
and making sense of the world around us. It involves
deciding which information to notice, how to categorize
this information, and how to interpret it within the
framework of our existing knowledge.
 In order to mesh perceptions with reality, managers
should also learn how to overcome misperception.

10. Thank you !!!