First Aid is the help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is available. The importance of First Aid is to preserve life, to prevent further harm/condition from worsening and to promote recovery.

1. FIRST AID MANAGEMENT IN A WORK PLACE
BY:DR AZUKAEGO NNAJI
FOR:PRESTON HEALTHCARE CONSULTING LTD.
DATE: 3RD MARCH, 2017.

2. Outline

3. Definition
Help given to a sick or injured person until full medical treatment is
available.

4. Objectives
- To understand the importance of first aid
- To identify when to administer first aid
- To understand who needs to benefit from first aid
- To be capable of administering simple first aid

5. Importance of first aid

6. To preserve life
This is the main aim of first aid: to save lives. This includes
 the life of the first aider
 the casualty (the victim, the injured/sick person)
 +/- spectators

7. To prevent further harm
The stability of the patient is very important. This may include
 Moving the patient out of harm's way
 Applying first aid techniques
 Keeping him/her warm and dry
 Applying pressure to wounds to stop bleeding, etc.

8. To promote recovery
This may include
 Applying a plaster (bandage) to a small wound
 Reassuring the person and allaying fear and anxiety
 Anything that may help in the recovery process.

9. First aid Kit
A collection of supplies and
equipment for use in giving first
aid and can be put together for
the purpose by an individual or
organization or purchased
complete.

10. First aid Kit
• Plasters
• Sterile gauze dressings
• Triangular bandages.
• Crêpe rolled bandages.
• Tweezers
• Antiseptic creams/swipes
• Thermometers
• Safety pins.
• Disposable sterile gloves.
• First aid manual
• Scissors
• Kidney dish
• Face masks
• Ambu bag

11. Types of Ailments

12. Types of first aid/first aid skills
ABC of Resuscitation
 Airways: Check for obstructions to the injured person's airways. Is there a
foreign object in the way?
 Breathing: Check if they are breathing. Is their chest rising and falling? Do they
need additional oxygen?
 Circulation: Check that the injured person has adequate blood circulation. Do
they have a pulse? Are they conscious?

13. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

14. Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Defibrillation
Some organizations have this fourth step, while others include this as
part of circulation.

15. Heart Attack
The death of heart muscle due to
the loss of blood supply; usually
caused by a complete blockage
of a coronary artery.
Symptoms
- Chest pain
- Electrical instability (atrial
fibrillation.
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=3669

16. First aid for heart attack
- Sit the individual in a comfortable
position
- Give chewable aspirin 300mg
- Constant reassurance while waiting
for the ambulance.
- Use a blanket or clothing to protect
their head from injury.
- For the unconscious, do CPR where
necessary

17. Strains and Sprains
Definition
A sprain is a stretching or tearing of
ligaments. The most common location for a
sprain is in your ankle.
A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle
or tendon.
Symptoms
Pain, Swelling, Bruising, Limited ability to
move the affected joint, Muscle spasm.
www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sprains-and-strains/.../definition/con-20020958

18. First Aid for Strains and Sprains
- Get the person to rest
- Apply an ice pack to the injury
- Elevate the foot
- Apply bandage or antiseptic
cream
- If there is no improvement seek
medical advice

19. Broken bone or fracture
Definition
- Simply means a break in a bone.
- Ranges in severity from a hairline
fracture, to a compound fracture.
Symptoms
- Swelling or bruising over a bone.
- Deformity of an arm or leg.
- Pain in the injured area
- Loss of function in the injured area.
https://www.sharecare.com/health/broken-bones/is-difference-bone-break-fracture

20. First Aid for broken bone or fracture
- Prevent unnecessary movement
- Immobilize the limb
- Continue supporting the injury until
help arrives.

21. Burns
Definition
An injury to the skin, muscle or bone tissue as a
result of thermal energy (heat or cold), chemical,
radiation or electricity.
Symptoms
- Severe pain
- Blisters/swelling
- Redness
- Weeping from burns
- Shock

22. First Aid for Burns
- Cool the burn under cold
running water for at least ten
minutes.
- Remove anything that might
cause constriction.
- After the burn has been
cooled, cover it with clean film or
a clean plastic bag.

23. Head injury
Definition
- Any trauma that leads to injury
of the scalp, skull, or brain.
Symptoms
- Mostly unconsciousness
- Repeated nausea and vomiting
- Dizziness
- Seizures

24. First Aid for head injury
- Ask them to rest and apply something
cold to the injury (e.g. iced block
wrapped in a tea towel).
- Protect the victims airway by tilting
back the jaw and protect their neck as
in spinal injury
- If they become drowsy or vomit, This
could be a sign of a serious injury to
the head.
- Quickly take them to hospital

25. Asthma
Definition
A disease characterized by an increased
responsiveness of the airways to various stimuli
resulting in airway obstruction that is reversible
either spontaneously or as a result of treatment
Symptoms
- Wheezing
- Coughing
- Rapid shallow breathing
- Tight chest

26. Types of First Aid
- Reassure the person
- Use inhaler or steroid
injection
- Convey to hospital

27. Stroke
Symptoms

28. First Aid for stroke

29. Seizure
Seizure
From the Latin word ‘socire’ “to take possession
of” is a paroxysmal event due to abnormal
excessive neuronal activity in the brain.
Symptoms
- Impairment or loss of consciousness
- Abnormal motor activity
- Behavioral abnormality
- Sensory disturbances
- Autonomic dysfunction

30. First aid for seizure

31. Bleeding
Definition
Loss of blood from the body either internally
or externally through any of the orifices.
Symptoms
- Obvious bleeding from the wound
- Bruising
- Shock (Confusion or decreasing alertness,
Clammy skin, Dizziness, Low blood pressure,
Paleness, Rapid pulse, increased heart rate,
Shortness of breath, Weakness.

32. First aid for bleeding

33. Poisoning
Definition
Poisoning occurs when any substance
interferes with normal body functions after it
is swallowed, inhaled, injected, or absorbed.
Symptoms

34. First aid for Poisoning
- If poison is in the eye, irrigate with
water for 15 minutes and above.
- If on the skin, irrigate with water for
15 minutes and above.
- If inhaled, move patient away from
fumes into fresh air and ventilate with
fan.
- If swallowed, give glass of milk or
water.
- Then send to hospital.

35. Choking
Definition
Choking is a condition caused by inhalation or
ingestion of a foreign object that partially or
fully blocks the airway.
Symptoms
- Inability to cough, cry, or speak
- Blue or purple face color from lack of oxygen
- Grabbing at throat
- Weak cough and labored breathing that
produces a high-pitched noise
- loss of consciousness

36. First aid for choking

37. Allergy or Anaphylaxis
Definition
Anaphylaxis (an-a-fi-LAK-sis) is an extreme and
severe allergic reaction.

38. First aid for Anaphylaxis
- Antihistamines and steroids (if mild)
- Pre-loaded adrenaline (epinephrine)
auto-injection
- The allergen should be removed if
possible.
- The casualty should be sat down on
the floor, against a wall, with their
knees bent and brought up.

39. Precautions while administering First Aid
You must remember that self protection comes first.
- Ensure you wear gloves
- Ensure you put on your mask depending on the injury
- Be careful with handling of body fluids
- Do not expose others to danger

40. Precautions while carrying out First Aid
If you accidentally get exposed to body fluids
- Immediately wash your hands with soap and water
- Ensure you do not touch your face or any opening
- Disinfect your hands with sodium hypochlorite
- Report to appropriate authorities