In Nigeria, every year an estimated 124,000 children under the age of 5 die because of diarrhea, mainly due to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Lack of adequate water and sanitation are also major causes of other diseases, including respiratory infection and under-nutrition

1. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
(WASH): An Overview
BY: PRESTON HEALTHCARE CONSULTING LTD.
DATE: 4TH AUGUST, 2017

2. Outline
Background
The Current Global Situation
The Nigeria Situation
The Link between Feces and Diseases
The Problem
The Solutions
The Potential Impact of Solutions
Conclusion

3. WASH
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Affordable access to WASH is a key public health issue,
especially in developing countries.
WASH is an area with significant potential to improve
health, life expectancy, student learning, gender
equality, and other important issues of international
development.

4. Sanitation and Hygiene
Sanitation is the means of promoting hygiene through
the prevention of human contact with hazards of wastes
especially feces, by proper treatment and disposal of the
waste
Hygiene is a set of practices performed for the
preservation of health. According to the World Health
Organization (WHO), Hygiene refers to conditions and
practices that help to maintain health and prevent the
spread of diseases

5. Water

6. Water in Our bodies

7. Water in Our bodies

8. Current Global Situation

9. Current Global Situation

10. Current Global Situation

11. Current Global Situation
Over a Billion People Worldwide

12. Nigeria the Situation
About 70 million people, out of a population of
171 million, lacked access to safe drinking
water, and over 110 million lacked access to
improved sanitation. Open defecation rates, at
28.5 per cent pose grave public health risks.

13. Nigeria the Situation
Every year, an estimated 124,000 children under the age of 5 die because of
diarrhea, mainly due to unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Lack of adequate
water and sanitation are also major causes of other diseases, including
respiratory infection and under-nutrition

14. Feces contain different Pathogens
Pathogens Diseases
Bacteria Vibro cholera (cholera)
Salmonella typhii (typhoid fever)
Shigella (bacillary dysentery)
Escherichia coli
Viruses Hepatitis A
Hepatitis E
Poliovirus (poliomyelitis)
Rotavirus
Protozoan Entameba histolytica (amoebiasis)
Giardia (giardiasis)
Helminths Tape worms

15. Link between feces and diseases

16. Background

17. Diarrhea
Diarrhea kills 2,195 children every
day—more than AIDS, malaria,
and measles combined. Diarrheal
diseases account for 1 in 9 child
deaths worldwide, making
diarrhea the second leading cause
of death among children under the
age of 5.

18. Diarrhea
Diarrhea is the condition of having
at least three loose or liquid bowel
movements each day. It often lasts
for a few days and can result in
dehydration due to fluid loss.
Frequent episodes of diarrhea are
also a common cause of
malnutrition and the most
common cause in those younger
than five years of age

19. Malnutrition
Malnutrition is a condition that
results from eating a diet in which
nutrients are either not enough or
are too much such that the diet
causes health problems
Malnutrition is often used to
specifically refer to under-
nutrition where an individual is
not getting enough calories,
protein, or micronutrients

20. Malnutrition

21. The Problem
Many schools in Nigeria lack safe, private toilets and hand-washing facilities.
This affects enrolment and performance, particularly in the case of girls. The
impact of water, hygiene and sanitation falls disproportionately on women and
girls, the main carriers of waters.

22. The Problem

23. The Problem

24. The Solutions
Despite these sobering statistics, strides made over the last 20 years
Access to WASH can reduce illness and death, and also impact poverty reduction
and socio-economic development. In 2013, Nigeria was certified free of guinea
worm disease. By comparison, 653,620 cases of guinea worm disease were
recorded in Nigeria in 1988.

26. The Solutions - Water
Providing
Water Pumps
Boiling water
before drinking
Building
shallow wells
Water Filtration
Systems

27. The Solutions - Hygiene
Personal
hygiene
Projecting
food from
flies
Proper sneezing
and coughing
techniques
Proper Hand
washing with
soup

28. The Solutions - Sanitation
Burying Feces
Discouraging
open defecation
Providing
Household
cleaning items
Building Toilets

29. Impact of Solutions
Diarrhea prevention focused on safe water and improved hygiene and sanitation
is not only possible, but cost effective: every $1 invested yields an average
return of $25.50

30. Impact of Solutions

31. Impact of Solutions

32. Impact of Solutions

33. Impact of Solutions
This strategies are inexpensive yet highly
effective. These solutions should be brought to
scale

34. Conclusion
Saving our planet, lifting people out of poverty, advancing economic growth...
these are one and the same fight. We must connect the dots between climate
change, water scarcity, energy shortages, global health, food security and
women's empowerment. Solutions to one problem must be solutions for all.
- Ban Ki-moon