Thermal power resources

1. Conversion of
plastic into fuel
R.MICHEAL ASHWANTH
M.J.ARAVINDHARRAJ
K.KISHOOR KUMAR
III YEAR ., DEPT. OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
K.L.N.C.E

2. Abstract
 The global plastic production increased over years due to the
vast applications of plastics in many sectors.
 The continuous demand of plastics caused the plastic wastes
accumulation in the landfill consumed a lot of spaces that
contributed to the environmental problem.
 The rising in plastics demand led to the depletion of petroleum as
part of non-renewable fossil fuel since plastics were the
petroleum-based material.
 Through extensive research and technology development, the
plastic waste conversion to energy was developed.

4. Plastic Solid Waste (PSW)
 260 million tons/yr of plastic are produced in the world.
 This figure rises at a rate of 5% yearly.
 60% of all PSW goes to landfill.
 EU has already mandated that by 2020 all plastic waste
must go to mechanical, thermal or chemical processing
facilities.
 No more waste will be allowed in landfills.
 Plastic usage accounts for 4-8% of all fossil fuels yearly.

5. Thermal-Chemical Recycling
Typically will reduce polymers down to monomers or
create derivative petro-based chemicals.
Common Processes
 Pyrolysis
 Gasification
 Liguid-Gas Hydrogenation
 Viscosity Breaking
 Steam or Catalytic Cracking
 Reduction Blast Furnaces

6. What is Pyrolysis?
Definition: Chemical decomposition of organic substances by heating to high
temperatures
 Breaks “cracks” polymer chains into smaller chains under heat and
pressure.
 Same reaction that happens when you inside the earth to form crude oil
from organic matter.
 Greek-derived terminology
 Pryo-“Fire”
 Lysis-“decomposition”

7. Methodology
 After collecting waste plastic material it will be graded to uniform size
using shredder and cutter.
 The graded feed will be mixed with catalyst and fed into reactor with
suitable catalyst.
 will be heated to 400-500 oC at atmospheric pressure in presence of
catalyst.
 plastic will change in to hydrocarbon.
 The gases hydrocarbon shall be condensed and separated into liquid
and gaseous streams.
 Following parameters shall be analyzed as per standard ASTM
methods.

8. Diagram of pyrolysis process

9. 3 Forms of Pryolysis
Hydrous Pyrolysis :
 Known as Steam Cracking
 Heats organic compounds in presence of steam
 Temp: 300-350°C Pressure: <12MPa
 Time: 30+minProduct: Light Alkenes

10. Hydrothermal Liquefaction :
 Converting biomass to oily liquid
 Aqueous solvent remains liquid during process
 Temp: 300-350°CPressure: 12-20MPa
 Time: 30minProduct: Hydrocarbon slurry

11. Anhydrous Pyrolysis :
 Does not use any water just high temperature and
pressure
 Temp: 350+°C Pressure: >12MPa
 Time: 30+minProduct: Biochar, light crude, gaseous
alkenes

12. Products
According to their different chemical structure, they can be named as
 B10
 B20
 B30
 B40‘
 B50
 B60
 B70
 B70
 B80
 B90
 B100

13. Brake power vs fuel
consumption

14. Comparison of B20 VS diesel
on CO2 emssion

15. Advantages
 (1) Problem of disposal of waste plastic will be solved.
 (2) Waste plastic will be converted into high value fuels.
 (3) Environmental pollution is controlled.
 (4) Industrial and automobile fuel requirement shall be
fulfilled to some extent at lower price.
 (5) No pollutants will be created during cracking of
plastics.

16. Applications of liquid
hydrocarbon fuel.
 (a) D.G sets for generation of electricity
 (b) Fuel for agricultural pumps
 (c) Fuel for boiler
 (d) Marine fuel (Bunker fuel)
 (e) As input feed for petroleum refineries.

17. Pyrolysis Companies
Linda Corporation, Hudson Ohio
 –Catalytic Anhydrous Pyrolysis
 –Accepts all polymer and organic wastes.
 –Specializing in powder paint, PS, and #7 polymers
 –Fully operational TBA
Ozmotech, Melbourne Australia
 –Proprietary Continuous Anhydrous Pyrolysis
 –Accepts all from consumers but rejects onsite
 –Fully Operational and runs 24/7
Polymer EnergyLLC, Minneapolis MN
 –Anhydrous Pyrolysis
 –Accepts PET, HDPE, LDPE, PP, Limited #7 polymers
 –Operational small batches

18. Thank you