1. SEMESTER – IV
FERMENTATION & INDUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY
SEMINAR TOPIC : L-LYSINE AMINO ACID
SUBMITTED BY,
G. PONSUTHA
II M.SC MICROBIOLOGY
REG NO : 20201232516113
SUBBMITED TO,
Dr. S. VISWANATHAN
HEAD DEPARTMENT OF
MICROBIOLOGY
2. What is amino acid?
Amino acid are building blocks of proteins.
They are the group of organic components containing two functional groups
amino acid and carboxyl.
The amino group(-NH2 ) is basic while the carboxyl group (-COOH) is acidic in
nature.
And a side chain (R group) specific to each amino acid is also present.
3. classification
All the 20 aminoacid are not needed to be taken in the diet.
Based on the nutritional requirements amino acid can be classified into two
classes:
Essential amino acid
Non essential amino acid
Essential amino acid:
The amino acid which cannot be synthesized by the body and need to be supplied
through the diet are called essential amino acid.
(Eg) 10 amino acids are essential amino acid
Arginine, Valine, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine,
Threonine, Tryptophan.
4. Non essential amino acid :
There are synthesized be the body, and do not need not be supplied in the diet.
There are – Glycine, Alanine, Serine, Cysteine, Aspartate, Asparagine, Glutamate,
Glutamine, Tyrosine, and Proline.
Some microorganisms are capable of production certain amino acid such as
glutamic acid and tryptophan.
5. Introduction of lysine
L-lysine is an essential amino acid for the nutrition of human and other animals. It is used for
supplementing cereal proteins lacking this amino acid. Molecular formula(C6H14N2O2)
Thus, protein quality of certain foods (e.g. wheat based food) is improved growth and tissue synthesis. This
amino acid has also bee used medically as a nutrient.
Kinoshita et al(1958) first reported the fermentative production of L-lysine using homoserine auxotroph's
of Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Food source of lysine are high protein foods such as eggs, meat, etc.
Solubility: sparingly soluble in water.
Covering more than 90% of total world amino acid production.
80% fermentation
20% chemical synthesis
6. HISTORY
1889
• Lysine first isolate from casein
1956
• Lysine was commercially introduced as feed
1978
• The first production of fermented l-lysine was produced
by a Japanese company kyowa Hakko Kogyo.
7. PRODUCTIONOF LYSINE
Lysine biosynthesis
Production of lysine naturally takes place by two biosynthesis pathway
1. The DAP (Diaminopimelic Acid)pathway found in Bacteria (e.g.
Corynebacterium glutamicum), Algae, Higher plant, Oomycota
2. The AAA (alpha-amino-adipate) Pathway found in Fungi and
Euglenoids.
12. Raw materials
Fermentation media
Carbon source cane molasses
Nitrogen source corn steep liquor / soybean meal
Minerals and salt KH2PO4 / K2HPO4 / CaCO3
Trace elements Corn steep liquor
Anti foaming agent PEG-2000, silicone base oil.
13. Microbial culture
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Gram positive, rod shaped bacterium
They live in chain or in clusters , usually present in soil.
Non motile
Non sporing
Non pathogenic bacterium
14. Inoculum development
Pre culture slant
100
ml
500
ml
1000
ml
L.F
5L
SEED
FERMENTER
50L
PILOT
FERMENTER
100L
TO PRODUCTION FERMENTOR
22. PRODECT RECORY
The fermentation broth is sent to an ultra filtration system for the removal of cell
debris and other.
Subsequently, the liquor form ultra filtration is fed to ion exchange columns,
where l-lysine is selectively absorbed.
The absorbed l-lysine is eluted from the ion exchange resin by washing with an
aqueous ammonia solution.
23. PRODUCT CONCENTRATION AND DRYING
The L-Lysine eluted from the ion-exchange column is mixed with mother liquor
from the product filtration step and concentrated by evaporation.
The concentrated lysine solution is acidified with hydrochloric acid and free is
converted to lysine HCL.
24. CRYSTALLIZER
Crystallization is also a chemical solid-liquid separation techniques.
In which mass transfer of solute from the liquid solution to a pure solid
crystallization phase occur.
Chemical engineering crystallization occurs In a crystallizer.
TYPES
Cooling
Concentration
Reaction (or) equilibrium displacement
25. APPLICATION AND USES
In food - nutritional supplements, food decorants
In beverages – nutritional sport drink
In pharmaceutical – preventing and treating cold sores causes by simplex labialis virus
In health and personal
care – cosmetics, personal care products, baby products, bath products, eye
In agricultural/animal feed/
Poultry – animal feed and used In fertilizer
In other industries – as intermediate to produce other organic chemicals.