Prepared By: Pawan Dhamala M.Pharmacy , 1st Year RR College of Pharmacy, Bangalore

1. SUB: MODIFIED RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
Presented by: Pawan Dhamala
Year : 1st Sem M .Pharm
TELEPHARMACY

2. CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
 IMPLEMENTATION OF TELEPHARMACY
 WORKING
 INVOLVEMENT OF PHARMACIST
 PATIENT CONSIDERATION
 CLINICAL BENEFITS
 TYPES OF TELEPHARMACY
 CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
 One of the biggest challenges facing the profession of pharmacy today is closure of rural
community pharmacy.
 Most of these smaller rural communities have only one pharmacy with one pharmacist. The
pharmacy owners in these communities are at the age when they want to retire or sell their
stores, but they are having great difficulty doing so.
 In addition to, rural communities are also facing severe pharmacist shortage in hospitals.
Attracting and keeping hospital pharmacist in rural communities is as difficult as attracting
and keeping retail pharmacists.
 So, Telepharmacy is a way in which we can provide all the pharmacy services.

4. TELEPHARMACY
 Telepharmacy is the delivery of pharmaceutical care via the
telecommunications to patients in locations where they may not
have direct contact with a pharmacist.
 Telepharmacy is a unique and innovative way to deliver a full
service pharmacy operation including pharmacist drug utilization
review and patient education counselling at a remote rural site
which incorporates all the safe practices offered by the traditional
mode of delivery.

5.  Tele-pharmacy services includes drug therapy monitoring, patient counselling,
prior authorization and refill authorization for prescription drugs, and monitoring
of formulary compliance with the aid of teleconferencing or video conferencing.
 Remote dispensing of medications by automated packaging and labelling
systems can also be through of as an instance of telepharmacy.
 Some clinics have need for an automated dispensing machine.
 Automated dispensing machine have limited drug inventory & they are usually
designed for an urgent dose or first dose to get the patient initially started on
their medications(i.e. initiating antibiotic treatment for infection).
 Telepharmacy services can be delivered at retail pharmacy sites or through retail
hospitals, nursing homes, or either medical care facilities.

6. IMPLEMENTATION OF TELEPHARMACY
 The implementation of telepharmacy varies by region and
jurisdiction.
 Factors including geography, laws and regulations and
economics influence its implementations.

7. How does Telepharmacy works?
 In general, a small hospital, pharmacy, or clinic in an isolated area is
connected to a commonly utilized service model in large urban center
that has greater access (often 24 hours) to pharmacist staff.
 The connection is possible through video phone systems, novel software,
and automated dispensing machine.
 The rural site is usually staffed by either pharmacy techniques or nurses,
depending on whether the site is a pharmacy or a clinic.

8.  They may communicate the prescriptions (e.g. fax) from patients who report
to these sites to the central site.
 The central pharmacist reviews the prescriptions and release the appropriate
items at the rural (e.g. prepacked medications from the automated
dispensing machines) and the label.
 The pharmacy technician or nurse at the rural site then scans the bar code so
that the prescription matches with its label, attaches the label, and supplies it
to the patient.
 The pharmacist at the central end can visually monitor the technician or
nurses work into ensure that the right medication have been filled and
dispensed.

9.  At the end of the process, the central pharmacist provides a two
way video consultation for the patient to ensure that they
understand the intended medications use and administration.
 The address may concerns from the patient perspectives and
enables efficient patient counseling from the central location.

11. INVOLVEMENT OF PHARMACISTS
 In any telepharmacy model, pharmacists can play an active role in the
delivery of pharmacy services.
 At first glance it may appear that a technician is working alone and
unsupervised at a telepharmacy.
 In actuality, pharmacists maintain full supervision over technicians just
remotely.
 Through compliant audio or video technology the pharmacist is able to
oversee the technicians work and perform every step of the dispensing
process from data entry & filling, drug utilization review (DUR), to final
product verification and counselling.

12.  With the growing population of patient with chronic medical conditions all
round the world, involvement of pharmacists in telepharmacy models to
improve monitoring and encourage medication compliance can decrease
the risk of medication errors, adverse drug events, decreased medication
cost, and the chance for treatment failure.
 The pharmacist involving in telepharmacy models ensures high
quality care for the community particularly areas such as medication
reviews and patient counseling.

13. PATIENT CONSIDERATION
 It is important that patients are comfortable with the telepharmacy
technology prior to receiving services. Consideration should be given to
formally marketing the telepharmacy concept to the public prior to
implementing services.
 This can help the patients and public feel more comfortable and willing to
use the services. Special attention and consideration should be given to
orientation and education of senior citizens who have not been exposed to,
or do not have, extensive experience with technology.

14. CLINICAL BENEFITS OF TELEPHARMACY
 The primary advantage of telepharmacy is the easy access to healthcare
services in remote and rural locations.
 It also has several economic benefits. One skilled pharmacist can provide
service to multiple sites.
 It is reported that starting a new pharmacy store is much expensive than the
cost involved in the equipment and requirement of pharmacy technician for
telepharmacy.

15.  Medication access and information in rural areas via telehealth
has an advantage of patient satisfaction.
 Telepharmacy ensures greater satisfaction of patients with
regard to the pharmacist counseling and time required
obtaining medication.
 It can potentially give patients in remote locations access to
professional pharmacy care that could not be received locally.

16. TYPES OF TELEPHARMACY
Inpatient (Remote order entry review)
Remote Dispensing(Retail/Outpatient/Discharge)
IV admixture
Remote counselling

17. 1. INPATIENT (Remote order-entry review)
 Inpatient telepharmacy refers to a pharmacist at a remote location
performing remote order-entry services for an inpatient pharmacy at a
hospital.
 The remote pharmacist reviews medication orders before the hospital staff
administers the drugs to the patient.
 Hospitals and health systems benefit from inpatient telepharmacy as it
allows for real-time medication order review.
2. REMOTE DISPENCING
 A remote dispensing site, or retail community telepharmacy, is a licensed
pharmacy staffed by a certified pharmacy technician.

18.  A pharmacist supervises the technician, reviews prescriptions and
performs his or her duties from a remote location via technology.
 It is typically used in retail community pharmacy and
outpatient/discharge pharmacy settings.
 Remote dispensing allows healthcare organizations to open retail
telepharmacy sites in areas where a traditional pharmacy would not be
feasible.
3. IV ADMIXTURE
 IV admixture is the mixing of IV solution administered to patients in a
hospital settings.
 Hospital pharmacies can save time and money by implementing
telepharmacy in the IV-admixture cleanroom.

19. 4. REMOTE COUNSELING
 Remote-patient counselling equates to pharmacists providing patient
counseling via a live and interactive video session, or by some
means through telecommunications.
Freeing up pharmacists time allows them to focus on clinical activities and
other tasks.
Implementing an image based telepharmacy allows you to document each
step process and minimize mistakes.
If a pharmacist can review the IV admixture remotely, they save the time
needed to suit up and enter the cleanroom to review the solution.

20.  It allows pharmacist to consult and provide a variety of pharmacy care
services to patients via secure live video calls and beyond this it also
provides opportunities for, discharge counseling and various clinical
interactions with pharmacist.
 Remote counseling also provides opportunities for specialty
counseling(diabetics/HIV/AIDS).

21. CONCLUSION:
 Rural residents and communities lack easy access to healthcare services
often use to geographical and demographical factors.
 Telepharmacy holds significant promise as a technology to improve
access to pharmaceutical care for people living in rural and remote
communities.
 Telepharmacy is quickly becoming an integral part of modern pharmacy
practice that has the potential to provide quality pharmaceutical services
such as medication management, dispensing, patient counseling, and
drug information.
 A well developed system, however, can change the practice of both the
rural communities and the hospital or retail pharmacies that deliver
these services.

22. REFERENCE
 C.PETERSON; H.ANDERSON, ARTICLE ON TELEPHARMACY
 SLIDESHARE
 INTERNET SOURCE