CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS FOR PERSONALIZED MEDICINES Name : Pawan Dhamala RR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

1. SEMINAR ON:
CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS FOR
PERSONALIZED MEDICINES
SUBJECT: DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
. Pawan Dhamala Dr. A GEETHA LAKSHMI
1st SEM M. Pharm Prof. & HOD of Department Pharmaceutics
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Definition
 Benefits
 Categories
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3. Introduction
 Every person has a unique variation of the human genome.
 Although most of the variation between individuals has no effect on health,
an individual’s health stems from genetic variation with behaviours and
influences from the environment.
 Modern advances in personalized medicine rely on technology that confirm a
patient’s fundamental biology, DNA, RNA. Or protein which ultimately leads to
confirming disease.
 For example : Personalized techniques such as genome sequencing can reveal
mutation in DNA that influence diseases ranging from cystic fibrosis to cancer.
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4. PERSONLAIZED MEDICINE
Definition:
Personalized Medicine is define as of medical treatment to
the individual chateristics of each patients that not only improves
our ability to diagnose and treat diseases, but offers the potential to
detect diseases at an earlier stage and to treat it effectively.
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5. Benefits
 Personalized medicine can
 Increase the opportunity to prevent disease.
 Direct the selection of optimal therapy and reduce trail and error prescribing.
 Help avoid adverse drug reactions.
 Improve methods of administration.
 Increase treatment options.
 Help to control the overall cost of health care.
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6. 6
Fig: Personalized medicine benefit

7. CATEGORIES OF PATIENTS FOR
PERSONALIZED MEDICINES
 Patient With Depression
 Patient With Asthma
 Patient With Cardiac Arrhythmias
 Patient With Migraine
 Patient With Arthritis
 Patient With Cancer
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8.  Sometimes one size does not fit all. Percentage of the patient population for
which a particular drug in a class is ineffective, on average is shown in figure
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9. PATIENT WITH DEPRESSION
 On average, antidepressant medication and specific psychotherapies have similar
success in the first line treatment of moderate depression. And on average, different
antidepressants show equal or similar efficacy.
 But the fact that treatments have similar efficacy on average does not imply that
treatment selection is unimportant. Individuals vary widely in response to specific
treatments, and poor response to one treatment does not necessarily imply poor
response to others.
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10. PATIENT WITH DEPRESSION
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11. PATIENT WITH DEPRESSION
 Personalized medicine promises to move beyond data regarding the average effectiveness of
treatments to identify the best treatment for any individuals.
 In order to provide personalized medicine for depression, we must identify characteristics of
individuals that reliably predict difference in benefits and adverse effect alternative
depression treatment, including both biological and physiological treatment.
 On average, antidepressant medication and specific psychotherapies have similar success in
the first-line treatment of moderate depression.
 And on average, different antidepressants show equal or similar efficacy.
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12. PATIENT WITH ASTHMA
Asthma : It is a condition in which the airways get narrow and swell and may produce extra
mucus. This can be makes breathing difficult.
 It is a common lungs diseases.
 In this the inhalation of the β-adrenergic (eg:- Salbutamol) and corticosteroids
(eg:- Beclomethasone) is the cornerstone of asthma treatments.
 One of the characteristics of asthma is resistance or reduced responsiveness to treatment.
 Until now, pharmacogenetics studies have mainly concerned the β2-adrenergic receptor gene.
Additional research is needed in order to evaluate the clinical utility of genomic testing.
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13. PATIENT WITH ASTHMA
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14. PATIENT WITH CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
 Personalized medicine is an emerging concept involving managing the health
of patients based on their individual characteristics, including particular
genotype.
 Cardiovascular diseases are heritable traits and family history information is
useful for risk prediction.
 As such, determining genetic information may also be applied to risk
prediction.
 Further more accumulating evidence suggests that genetic background can
provide guidance for selective effective treatment and preventive strategies
in individuals with particular genotype.
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15. PATIENT WITH CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS
These concepts may be applicable both to rare mendelian diseases and to common complex
traits.
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16. PATIENT WITH MIGRAINE
 Migraine is the most disabling and expensive chronic disorders, the etiology of which is
still not fully known.
 The neuronal systems, (glutammatergic, dopaminergic, serotoninergic and GABA-ergic)
whose functionality is partly attributable to genetically determined factors, has been
suggested to play an important role.
 According with World Health Report in 2001, migraine is the most disabling and
expensive Chronic disorders representing the major cause of non-fatal disease – related
disability.
 Migraine is a common disorder connoted by recurrent headache attacks with nausea,
vomiting, hyper sensibility to light, sound and smell (defined as Migraine without aura)
and in 25% of cases neurological symptoms (defined as Migraine with aura).
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17. PATIENT WITH MIGRAINE
 The disorder is more frequent in female (3,1 = F:M) with a peak of prevalence between
ages of 22 and 55 years old.
 Genetic factors have been implicated in many aspects of migraine: the aetiology, the
tendency to become chronic, the sensitivity to pharmacological treatment. The last aspect
offers the possibility to design personalized treatments in order to achieve improved
therapeutic success.
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18. PATIENT WITH ARTHRITIS
 Medical strategy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has markedly advanced in recent years. The
introductions of biologics and methotrexate as an anchor drug have made it possible to not
only suppress pain and inflammation (clinical remission), but also to inhibit joint
destruction (structural remission), leading to cure of the disease.
 In order to achieve this target, it is the most important to diagnose RA early and promote
disease remission. However, since the condition and pathology are diverse among patients,
optimal treatment for each patient is desired (personalized medicine).
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19. PATIENT WITH ARTHRITIS
 Treatment should be performed under consideration of the disease state such as activity,
prognosis regarding joint destruction, and complications. It is also important to clarify the
patient characteristics, such as responsiveness to the drugs and risk of adverse effects.
Biomarkers, such as proteomics and pharmacogenomics (genetic polymorphism, etc.), are
indispensable for personalized medicine.
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20. PATIENT WITH CANCER
 A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of
the body.
 Precision medicine is an approach to patient care that allows doctors to
select treatments that are most likely to help patients based on
a genetic understanding of their disease. This may also be
called personalized medicine. The idea of precision medicine is not new,
but recent advances in science and technology have helped speed up the
pace of this area of research.
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21. PATIENT WITH CANCER
 There are drugs that have been proven effective against cancers with
specific genetic changes and are approved by the FDA. Many of
these drugs are discussed in Targeted Cancer Therapies. Approved
treatments should be available wherever you have cancer treatment.
 If you need treatment for cancer, you may receive a combination of
treatments, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy,
and immunotherapy. Which treatments you receive usually will
depend on the type of cancer, its size, and whether it has spread. With
precision medicine, information about genetic changes in your tumor
can help decide which treatment will work best for you.
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22. REFERENCE
 Anderson GP Endo typing asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex,
heterogeneous disease. Lancet 2008; 372: 1107–1119.
 Green RH, Brightling CE, Woltmann Get al. Analysis of induced sputum in adults with asthma:
identification of subgroup with isolated sputum neutrophilia and poor response to inhaled
corticosteroids. Thorax 2002; 57: 875–879.
 Benjamin EJ, Muntner P, Alonso A, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, Carson AP, et al. Heart disease and
stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation.
2019;139:e56–28.
 Roden DM. Personalized medicine to treat arrhythmias. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2014;15:61–7.
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