Prepared By : Pawan Dhamala 5th sem , B.Pharmacy Industrial Pharmacy - I RR College Of Pharmacy , Bangalore

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Industrial Pharmacy –I
FORMULATION & PREPARATION OF SHAMPOOS
RR COLLEGE OF PHARMACY
SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED TO:
PAWAN DHAMALA PROF. Dr. A. GEETHA LAXMI
5TH SEM , B.PHARMA

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Defination:
A shampoo is a preparation of surfactant in
a suitable form- liquid, solid or powder-
which when used under the specified
conditions will remove surface grease ,
dirt & skin debris from the hair shaft &
scalp without adversely affecting the user.

3. Requirements of Shampoo
It should produce a good amount of foam to satisfy
the psychological requirements of the user.
It should be easily removed on rinsing with water.
It should impart a pleasant fragrance to the hair.
It should not cause any side effects/irritation to the
skin.
It should effectively or completely remove dust or
soil.
It should not make the hard rough.
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4. Types of shampoos:
Powder Shampoos
Liquid Shampoos
Lotion Shampoos
Cream Shampoos
Specialized Shampoos
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5. Product Ingredients:
Surfactants are the main component of shampoo.
Mainly anionic surfactants are used.
1. Primary surfactants: Provide detergency & foam.
2. Secondary surfactants: Improve detergency , foam & hair
condition.
3. Other additives
Surfactants
Anionic surfactants are mostly used (good forming
properties). The hydrophilic potion carries a negative charge
which result in superior foaming & cleaning . E.g: Sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate , Lauric acid , stearic acid.
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6.  Non-ionic surfactants have good cleansing properties but do not having
sufficient foaming power. E.g: Sorbitol esters (TWEENS), Ethoxylated
fatty alcohols, Lauric monoethanolamide.
2. Conditioning agents: Lanolin, mineral oil , herbal extracts, egg
derivatives.
3. Foam builders: Lauryl monoethanolamide, sarcosinates
4. Viscosity modifiers:
• Electrolytes: Nacl
• Natural gums: Tragacanth , alginates
• Cellulose derivatives: Hydroxy ethyl cellulose , methyl cellulose
5.Opacifying agents: Propylene glycol, Mg, Ca & Zn salts of steric
acids.
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7. 6. Clarifying agents:
• Solubilizing agents: ethanol, isopropanol
• Non-ioninc solubilizer: polyethoxylated alcohols & esters.
7. Perfumes: Herbals , fruity & floral fragrance.
8.Preservatives:Methyl & propyl paraben , formaldehyde (most
effective).
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8. Roles of ingredients:
Surfactant: They are the compounds that lower the surface tension
between two liquids or between & a solid. They may act as detergents,
wetting agents, foaming agents & emulsifiers.
Additives:
Conditioning agents: They are intended to improve manageability ,
feel & lusture of hair.
Viscosity Modifier: They are used to improve the thickness of
compounds.
Preservatives : Many synthetic products are vulnerable to microbal
attack, if not preservative efficiently. Bacterial growth in shampoo can
lead to breakdown of detergent i.e: resulting in discoloration of
products. The simple & most effective antimicrobial agent is
formaldehyde.
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9. Roles of ingredients:
Perfumes: There are two important aspects which should be ascertained
before final selection of fragrance for shampoos.
1. Fragrance must be soluble in shampoo.
2. It must be compatible with shampoo i.e: not the viscosity & stability.
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10. Method of Preparation of Shampoo:
1. Add thickner in water phase & stir for 30 minutes.
2. After mixing add the surfactant & emulsifiers & heat the
vessel up to 75 degree Celsius & keep the mixer for 30
minutes at 75 degree Celsius . After 30 minutes start the
cooling.
3. Add the antidandruff synthetic active & natural active at 35
degree.
4. Add the fragrance at 35 degree Celsius.
5. Sodium Chloride , citric acid & sodium hydroxide added &
adjust the required pH & viscosity of the product.
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11. References:
I. The theory & practice of the industrial pharmacy by Leon
Lachmann
II. www.google.com
III. https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/shampoos
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