2. “Communication is an activity of expressing ideas and
feeling or giving people information or instructions.”
• Communication can be defined as the exchange of
ideas , information and knowledge between sender
and receiver through an accepted code of symbols.
• “Communication is process of passing information
and understanding from one to other.”
-Keith Devis
3.
4. DOWNWARD COMMUNICATION
UPWARD COMMUNICATION
HORIZONTAL COMMUNICATION
DIAGONAL COMMUNICATION
VERTICAL COMMUNICATION
5. As the main function of downward communication is providing
direction and control, it refers to communication from to
communication from the higher-level in managerial hierarchy to the
lower ones.
A communication from the general manager of company to branch
manager is an example of downward communication.
Annual confidential reports performance, appraisals notice, project
feedbacks, announcements of company policies, official instructions
are the other instance of downward communication.
Examples: notes, notice, memo, voice mails, emails or face-to-face
communication.
6. Upward communication is just the reverse of downward
communication. there are two type of communications.
Feedback of information which subordinates convey to top
executive in response to the latter’s original communication.
Example: managers, at higher levels solicit information about
the performance of subordinate in the job in response to order
and instruction issues to them.
Voluntary communication from the subordinates to convey
their complaints, suggestions, opinions. It may also include
innovative ideas, rules or behavior of any person on the job.
7. The main objective of horizontal communication is developing
teamwork and promoting group coordination within an
organisation.
It take place between professional peer group working on the
same level.
This communication is less formal and structured than both
downward communication and upward communication and
may be carried out through informal discussions, management
gossips, telephonic calls, teleconference, routine meetings etc.
8. Diagonal communication is the result of modern changes in
information technology and management and is outcome of the
growing realisation of fraternity and equality in corporate
sector.
It is basically a response to market needs that demand speed
and efficiency.
As diagonal communication occurs between people who do not
have followed rigid norms of communication protocol, it flows
in all directions.
9. The upward and downward flow information along the formal
lines of authority in organisation structure is called vertical
communication.
It is very useful as it provides proper channel to the
management to transmit ideas, directives, instructions and
command to the employees down the lower order and also
enables employees working at lower level to communicate
their responses, reports, suggestions, complaints, etc.
Upwards, so that top management is informed about their ideas
and feedbacks.
10.
11. Author name: Shreya Thakore
Publisher: Book India Publications,
P.K. House, B/h. M.J.L Librart,
Elisbridge, Ahmedabad-380006
