History is the study of past events, people, and civilizations arranged in chronological order. It examines the records and sources available from eras before and after writing was invented. Archaeologists excavate physical remains from past cultures to learn how people lived, while sources like monuments, tools, coins, inscriptions, and manuscripts provide written records for historians to analyze. Oral histories collected from interviews and folk tales also contribute non-written accounts of the past.

3. History is a true story of human growth
and civilization.
It is a record of people, places and events
of the past arranged in a chronological
order.

4. .

7. PREHISTORY HISTORY
The period of the past
when human beings
did not know to read
or write. It was the
period before writing
was invented.
The period of the past
after writing was
invented.

9. the materials usedby historians
in their study of history are
known as sources.

10. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNVsHz7dOGY

12. • Archaeology is the study of past cultures and how people lived,
based on the material remains left by people long ago.
• An archaeologist is a person who excavates the remains and studies
them closely.
• He builds up a picture of what life must have been in the past with
the help of these evidences.
• Archaeological sources are the evidences that an archaeologist gets
by excavating.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S1VzzVVeJV0

13. 1. Monuments (old buildings, forts, palaces,
tombs, temples)
2. Objects (tools, weapons, pottery,
ornaments, seals, paintings)
3. Inscriptions and edicts
4. Coins
5. Burial sites

14. Inscriptions refer to writing and texts
carved out on solid objects like pillars,
walls of temples, forts, caves, palaces,
stones or copper tablets.
• Edicts are royal commands issued by rulers.
• The study of coins is Numismatics.

15. manuscripts
Religious literature.
Secular literature

16.  A manuscript is a hand written record of
information.
 It could be in the form of letter, writing on leaves
and bark of trees, or scrolls.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=MjxXc5_t_pY

17. • Religious literature- books and texts that deal
with religion.
• Secular literature- all those texts that are non
religious in nature like autobiographies,
biographies and court chronicles.

18. • Oral history refers to the record of historical
information which is based on the personal
experiences and opinions of the speaker.
• Interviews, myths, folk tales, songs etc. that
are passed by word of mouth.