This document discusses surveying and different types of chains used for surveying. It defines surveying as determining the relative positions of objects by measuring horizontal distances and preparing a map. It then describes the main types of chains used: metric chain, steel/band chain, engineer's chain, Gunter's/surveyor's chain, and revenue chain. For each chain type, it provides details on length, graduation, uses, and other characteristics. In conclusion, it discusses advantages and disadvantages of chain surveying.

2. Presented By :
Pratap Baisnab

3. 1. SURVEYING
2. TYPES OF SURVEYING
3. CHAINS
4. TYPES OF CHAINS
5. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
6. CONCLUSION

4. SURVEYING
Surveying is the art of
determining the
relative position of
different objects on
the surface of the by
measuring the
horizontal distances
between their and by
preparing a map to
any suitable scales.

6. TYPES OF CHAINS
1. METRIC CHAIN
2. STEEL BAND CHAIN/BAND CHAIN
3. ENGINEER’S CHAIN
4. GUNTER’S CHAIN/SURVEYOR’S CHAIN
5. REVENUE CHAIN

7. METRIC CHAIN
 Metric chain are available
in length of 20m and 30m.
Most commonly used is
20m chain.
 The 20m chain is divided
into 100 length each of
0.2m.
 Tallies are provided at
every 10 link 2m.
 This chain is suitable for
measuring distances along
fairly level ground.

8. STEEL BAND CHAIN / BAND CHAIN
 It consists of a ribbon of
steel of width 16mm and of
length 20 or 30m.
 It has a brass handle at each
end.
 It is graduated in meters ,
decemetres and centimetres
on one side and has 0.2m
links on the other.
 These steel band is used in
project where more
accurancy is required.

9. ENGINEER’S CHAIN
 This chain comes in 100ft
length. Its consist of 100
links each link being 1ft
long.
 These chain used in
engineering work

10. GUNTER’S CHAIN / SURVEYOR’S CHAIN
 It is 66ft. Long and
divided into 100 links.
So , each link is of 0.66ft.
Or 7.92 inches.
 The length 66ft. Is
selected because it is
convenient in land
measurement.

11. REVENUE CHAIN
 The revenue chain
is 33ft. And divided
into 16 links
 It is mainly used in
cadastral surveying

12.  Chain survey is simplest and commonest
method used in surveying exercises
 It is read easily and quickly.
 It is resists wear and tear.
 Easily repaired in the field.

13.  They are heavy and take too much time to
open or fold.
 They become longer or shorter due to
continuous use.
 When measurement is taken in suspension the
chain sags excessively.

15. The main objective of surveying is prepare plane or map.
What is plan:-
plan is a small scale objects.
Ex:- if you want to specify of boundary any building it is
said be plan.
Map:-specify boundary of any country for large scale of
surveying it is call map.
In plan –horizontal distance &direction .
In map –horizontal distance and also vertical distance.