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Mitosis/Meiosis Explain what happens during interphase (G1, S, G2) ? Identify various stages of cellular division (if it is mitosis vs meiosis I vs meiosis II and which stage PMAT). What are the difference between mitosis and meiosis (differences in PMAT stages) identify if a cell is haploid vs diploid. Identify if chromosomes are replicated and non-replicated Arboretum Be able to identify the origin of plants (whether they come from an Arid/Tropical/Temperate environment) Explain how you were able to identify the origin (give examples of evolutionary adaptation the plants had to make to endure and thrive in those specific environments). Aquarium Explain how pollution effects our coast ecosystem. ? Describe how you can help the southern California coastal ecosystem. Evolution Explain relationships between predator and prey and how they can influence allele frequency changes per generations. Be able to identify allele frequency changes within generations (....it will be obvious phenotypical changes.... they will look different!) Predator Prey Know how carrying capacities influence population growth. How would evolution (especially predator prey relationship) dictate carrying capacity... as well as allele frequency changes (be able to describe the relationship using the terms in VASR) Plant Reproduction Be able to identify the anatomy of a flower (know what the function of the anatomical parts). How do these parts play a role in pollination? Describe some techniques of SEED dispersal. What morphology aids in that type of seed dispersal (Example: coconuts are hollow so they can float on water to allow them to disperse via water). Why is seed dispersal important? ...

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92 S C I E N T I F I C A M E R I C A N R e p r i n t e d f r o m t h e O c t o b e r 1 9 9 4 i s s u e ome creators announce their inventions with grand éclat. God proclaimed, “Fiat lux,” and then flooded his new universe with brightness. Others bring forth great discoveries in a modest guise, as did Charles Darwin in defining his new mechanism of evolutionary causality in 1859: “I have called this principle, by which each slight variation, if useful, is preserved, by the term Natur- al Selection.” Natural selection is an immensely powerful yet beautifully simple theory that has held up remarkably well, under intense and unrelenting scrutiny and testing, for 135 years. In essence, natural selection locates the mechanism of evolutionary change in a “struggle” among organisms for reproductive success, lead- ing to improved fit of populations to changing environments. (Struggle is often a metaphorical description and need not be viewed as overt combat, guns blazing. Tactics for reproductive success include a variety of nonmartial activities such as earlier and more frequent mating or better cooperation with partners in raising offspring.) Natural selection is therefore a principle of local adaptation, not of general advance or progress. Yet powerful though the principle may be, natural selection is not the only cause of evolutionary change (and may, in many cases, be overshadowed by other forces). This point needs emphasis because the standard misapplication of evolutionary theory assumes that biological explanation may be equated with devising accounts, often speculative and conjectural in practice, about the adaptive value of any given feature in its original environment (human aggression as good for hunting, music and religion as good for tribal cohesion, for example). Darwin him- self strongly emphasized the multifactorial nature of evolutionary change and warned against too exclusive a reliance on natural selection, by placing the following statement in a max- imally conspicuous place at the very end of his introduction: “I am convinced that Natural Selection has been the most important, but not the exclusive, means of modification.” Reality versus Conceit N A T U R A L S E L E C T I O N is not fully sufficient to explain evolutionary change for two major reasons. First, many other caus- es are powerful, particularly at levels of biological organization both above and below the traditional Darwinian focus on organisms and their struggles for reproductive success. At the low- est level of substitution in individual base pairs of DNA, change is often effectively neutral and therefore random. At higher levels, involving entire species or faunas, punctuated equilibrium can produce evolutionary trends by selection of species based on their rates of origin and extirpation, whereas mass extinc- tions wipe out substantial parts of biotas for reasons unrelat- ed to adaptive struggles of constituent species in “normal” t.

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AN39CH24-Orlove ARI 20 August 2010 15:44 Water Sustainability: Anthropological Approaches and Prospects Ben Orlove1 and Steven C. Caton2 1 School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; email: [email protected] 2 Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Anthropol. 2010. 39:401–15 First published online as a Review in Advance on June 21, 2010 The Annual Review of Anthropology is online at anthro.annualreviews.org This article’s doi: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.012809.105045 Copyright c© 2010 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved 0084-6570/10/1021-0401$20.00 Key Words value, equity, governance, politics, regimes, integrated water resource management Abstract Water has become an urgent theme in anthropology as the worldwide need to provide adequate supplies of clean water to all people becomes more challenging. Anthropologists contribute by seeing water not only as a resource, but also as a substance that connects many realms of social life. They trace the different forms of valuing water, examine the often unequal distribution of water, explore the rules and institutions that govern water use and shape water politics, and study the multiple, often conflicting knowledge systems through which actors understand water. They offer ethnographic insights into key water sites—watersheds, water regimes, and waterscapes—found in all settings, though with widely varying characteristics. Anthropologists provide a critical examination of a concept called integrated water resource management (IWRM), which has become hegemonic in the global discourse of sustainable development. 401 A nn u. R ev . A nt hr op ol . 2 01 0. 39 :4 01 -4 15 . D ow nl oa de d fr om w w w .a nn ua lr ev ie w s. or g A cc es s pr ov id ed b y D re xe l U ni ve rs it y on 0 3/ 25 /1 5. F or p er so na l us e on ly . AN39CH24-Orlove ARI 20 August 2010 15:44 Total social fact: Marcel Mauss’s idea to talk about social phenomena that cut across virtually all domains of society Connectivity: the articulation of the multiple social domains in which water is used INTRODUCTION We propose to study water as a “total social fact” (Mauss 1990). Although Mauss had presta- tions or “service exchanges” principally in mind when he spoke of the total social fact, he did not limit this kind of fact to them. It suffices that in these ‘total’ social phenomena, as we propose calling them, all kinds of institutions are given expression at one and the same time— religious, juridical, and moral, which relate to both politics and the family; likewise economic ones, which suppose special forms of produc- tion and consumption, or rather, of perform- ing total services and distribution. This is not to take into account the aesthetic phenomena to which these facts lead, and the contours of the phenomena that these institutions mani-.

AN39CH24-Orlove ARI 20 August 2010 1544Water Sustainabili.docx

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! 1! A Scientific Review of the Physiology of Pacific Salmon Migration B. C. McKinney1 1 Department of Natural Sciences, University of South Carolina Beaufort, One University Boulevard, Bluffton, South Carolina 29909, USA Abstract For many generations, humans have altered practically every ecosystem in the entire world. The footprint humans leave behind on ecosystems on Earth has continuously matted the ecosystems and critical habitat in which all species on Earth depend on for survival. When considering Pacific and Atlantic salmon populations, the array of human caused stressors is responsible for the population depletions across the United States and Canada. This review will coordinate the impacts of river impoundments (i.e., hydropower systems) on upstream and downstream migration as well as visit the impacts of natural and human caused change on the quality of habitat in which salmonids inhabit through all life stages. Introduction A variety of teleost species are classified within the Family Salmonidae under the Order Salmoniformes. Salmonidae is comprised of a variety of trouts (Salmo spp.), chars (Salvelinus spp.), graylings (Thymallus spp.), taimen (Parahucho spp.), and salmons (Salmo & Oncorhynchus spp.). The anatomy of this family is similar to other ray-finned fish having dorsal, pelvic, pectoral, anal, and dorsal fins, however they possess an additional fin posterior to the dorsal called the adipose fin. Salmonid lifecycles are very complex and have been a topic of research for many generations (Briggs, 1953; Holmes & Stainer 1966; Vronskiy, 1972; Thompson & Sargent, 1977; Healy, 1980; McCormick &Saunders, 1987; Murray & Rosenau, 1989; Nehlson et al., 1991). In recent findings, the introduction of telemetry techniques and field sampling routines have given ! 2! researchers insight about the duration, timing, and patterns of homing and staying (Healy, 1980; Giorgi et al., 1997; Walker et al., 2016). Through the protection of the Endangered Species Act (ESA) select Pacific salmon populations have been granted protection by federal regulations in relation to the habitat that is essential to their survival (USNMFS 1995). In this review, relevant available published literature will be compiled to discuss a variety of explanations towards the physiology and morphological complexities associated with Pacific salmon.! Overview of Salmon Biology In this section, emphasis will focus on the evolutionary history of Salmon (see Groot & Margolis, 1991, Hendry et al., 2000, and Waples et al., 2007 for more details). North America’s populations of Pacific Salmon consist of five distinct species: chinook salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha), pink salmon (O. gorbusha), chum salmon (O. keta), coho salmon (O. kisutch), and sockeye salmon (O. nerka). Pacific salmon are uniquely characterized as anadromous (migratory) and semelaparous (i.e., die after spawning) spe ...

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Why is Education So Important in Our Life - PHDessay.com. Why education is very important by goodforall101 - Issuu. The Importance of Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written .... the text on this page is written in red and blue. IMPORTANCE OF EDUCATION ESSAY - English Essay. 004 Essay Example Why Is College Important On Importance Of Education .... School Essay: Argumentative essay about education is important. Essay on why college education is important. Importance On Education And The Value Of | herxheim.de. Essays on Importance of Education [Free Essay Examples]. essay examples: importance of education essay. The Importance Of Education Essay Topics - Essay About Importance Of ....

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