Organelle function

1. Cell City
Ch. 8.2

2. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
• Prokaryotic: Cells that do not have nuclei (bacteria/cyanobacteria)
• Typically smaller and less complex
• Eukaryotic: Cells that have a nucleus (plants and animal cells)
• Larger and more complex

3. Eukaryotes: Plants v. Animals

4. Cell Components: Cytoplasm
• “The inner city” the fluid in the cell which contains all the organelles.
• Organelles are like the “businesses” of the cell
• Cytoplasm fills the space from the nucleus to the cell membrane

5. Cell Components: The Nucleus
• “City hall” directs all the activities of the cell.
• Contains all the plans and blueprints in the form of DNA.

6. Cell Components: Endoplasmic Reticulum
• Like “highways and streets”, moves materials around the cell
• Extend from the nucleus to the cell membrane.

7. Cell Components: Ribosomes
• Like “factories” makes proteins that are transported along the E.R.
• Located on the E.R. or floating in the Cytoplasm

8. Cell Components: Golgi Apparatus
►“Post office”: Does not make anything but prepare materials for
shipment outside the cell

9. Cell Components: Vacuoles
• “Storage”: holds materials until needed later.
• One large vacuole is found in plant cells to store water.
• Lots of small vacuoles are scattered in animal cells.

10. Cell Components: Lysosomes
• “Sanitations”: produce chemicals that digests wastes and worn-out cell parts.
• When the cell dies the lysosomes break open and break down the cell.
• Mostly found in animal cells

11. Cell Components: Cytoskeleton
• Network of supports that
help maintain all organelles
• Contain microfilaments and
microtubules
• (Like iron beams!)

12. Cell Components: Chloroplasts
• Organelle that uses energy from the sun to make food
• Like “Solar panels” collect energy to power houses or factories
• Found only in plant cells

13. Cell Components: Mitochondria
• “Powerhouse of the cell”
supplies energy to power
all of the cell’s functions.
•Found in higher numbers in
cells that need a lot of
energy.

14. Cell Components: Cell Wall
• Cell wall is like a “security fence”…works as a barrier and also provides support
• Only found around plant cells

15. Cell Components: Cell Membrane
• “City limits” maintains the cell’s limits or boundaries.
• Controls what goes in and out of the cell.
• food and water move in, waste moves out.
• Made up of phospholipids