cell organelles and its properties

1. Unit 3 - Cells
3.2 Cell Organelles

2. Essential Questions
• What are cell organelles?
• What are the structures and functions of
cell organelles?
• What are the differences between a plant
and animal cell?

3. Cell Organelles
Organelle = “little organ”
• Membrane bound
structure within a cell
• Found only inside
eukaryotes
A cell’s organelles ≈ a
human’s organs

4. Cell Membrane: cells’ boundary; “gatekeeper”
Cell Membrane
• Phospholipid bilayer
• Allows materials in/out of cell

5. Cell Wall
Cell Wall: rigid barrier around plant, bacterial, fungal,
cells
• Outside of cell membrane
• Made of cellulose (fiber)
■ Protection and structure

6. Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm: jelly-like material and organelles in
cell

7. Cytoskeleton: protein fibers in cytoplasm
Cytoskeleton
• Shape, structure, helps move organelles
• Ex.: microfilaments, microtubules

8. Nucleus
Nucleus: cell’s control center
• Contains chromosomes made of DNA
• Usually easiest organelle to see
• Usually one per cell

9. Nucleolus
Nucleolus: makes ribosomes
• In nucleus

10. Centrioles
Centrioles: pull chromosomes apart during division
• Made of microtubules
• Go to opposite sides of cell when cell divides
• Only in animal cells

11. Ribosomes
Ribosomes: sites of protein synthesis (making)
• Found attached to rough ER or floating free in
cytoplasm
• Made in nucleolus

12. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): site where protein
and lipids are made
• Attached to nucleus
• Rough ER:
• studded with ribosomes
• ribosomes make proteins
• Smooth ER:
• no ribosomes
• makes lipids, gets rid of toxins

13. Golgi Apparatus
Golgi Apparatus: stores, modifies and packages
proteins
• Molecules transported to/from Golgi in vesicles

14. Vacuoles
Vacuoles: store food,
water, proteins, wastes,
etc.
• Large central water
vacuole usually in
plant cells
• Many small
vacuoles in animal
cells

15. Lysosomes
Lysosomes: break down
wastes
• Cell’s garbage
disposal
• Contain digestive
enzymes

16. Mitochondria
Mitochondria: break down food to provide energy
• Cell’s “powerhouse”
• Use O2 and glucose to make ATP (cell’s
energy molecule)

17. Chloroplasts
Chloroplasts: Site of food
(glucose) production
• Only in plant cells
• Contain green pigment
chlorophyll
• Have a double membrane
Sunlight + CO2 + H2O → sugar + O2
Organelles
Review Video

18. Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells
ANIMAL CELLS PLANT CELLS
Smaller Larger
No chloroplasts Have chloroplasts
No cell wall Have cell wall
No or small vacuoles Large central vacuole
Nucleus at center Nucleus near cell wall
OPTIONAL: COMPARISON SLIDE

19. ANIMAL CELLS
Centrioles
PLANT CELLS
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
BOTH
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cytoskeleton
Vacuole
Lysosome
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Plant Cells vs Animal Cells

20. Organelle Recap
Control:
*Nucleus (plant and
animal)
Support, Storage & Clean-up:
*Cytoskeleton (plant and animal)
*Vacuoles (plant and
animal)
*Lysosomes (plant and animal)
Build Proteins:
*ER
(plant and animal)
*Ribosomes (plant and animal)
*Golgi apparatus (plant and animal)
Energy Transformation:
*Chloroplasts (plant only)
*mitochondria (plant and
animal)
Holds Everything Together:
* Cell Membrane (plant and animal)
* Cell Wall (plant only)