In these slides we define how periscope works,its types +features + history +uses etc.

2. PERISCOPE
Group # 3 :
• OBAID ULLAH
• ANEEQ AHMED
• M.JUNAID TABASSUM
PRESENATION
APLLIED PHYSICS

3. PERISCOPE

4. What is a periscope
• A periscope is an optical
device for conducting
observations from a concealed
or protected position.
Periscopes consist of reflecting
mirrors or prisms at opposite
ends of a tube container. The
reflecting surfaces are parallel
to each other and at a 45°
angle to the axis of the tube.

5. History
• Johannes Gutenberg, marketed a kind of
periscope in the 1430s to see over the heads of
the crowd at the vigintennial religious festival at
Aachen.
• In 1854 Hippolyte Marié-Davy invented the first
naval periscope, consisting of a vertical tube with
two small mirrors fixed at each end at 45°
• . Simon Lake used periscopes in his submarines
in 1902.

6. In world war I & II
• Periscopes, in some cases
fixed to rifles, served in World
War I (1914-1918) to enable
soldiers to see over the tops of
trenches, thus avoiding exposure
to enemy fire.
• During World War II (1939-1945),
officers used specifically-
manufactured periscope
binoculars with different
mountings.
Australian Light Horse troops
using a periscope rifle,
Gallipoli, 1915. Photograph by
Ernest Brooks.
A team of German artillery
observers using periscope
binoculars, 1943

7. Introduction
• A periscope is an instrument used for
observation over, around or through an
object, obstacle or condition that prevents
direct line-of-sight observation from an
observer's current position.
Types of Periscope
• 1: Simple Periscope
• 2: Complex Periscope

8. Simple periscope
• In its simplest form, it consists
of an outer case with mirrors
at each end.
• Set parallel to each other at a
45-degree angle.
• This form of periscope, with
the addition of two simple
lenses, served for observation
purposes in the trenches
during World war I.

9. Complex periscope
• In complex periscopes,
prisms are used instead of
mirrors.
• Advanced fiber optics
instead of mirrors to provide
magnification.
• Operate on submarine and in
various fields of science.

10. Working Principle of periscope
• A periscope works on
the Laws of Reflection. The
light from the object falls
on one mirror (placed at
45° to the object) and is
reflected. This reflected
light in turn falls on
another mirror and is again
reflected until it reaches
the human eye.

11. Construction of a periscope
• Periscopes can be
constructed using a
pair of flat mirrors or
prisms and a
rectangular hollow
tube having a viewing
window at the top
and bottom. The
mirrors are fixed at an
angle of 45o at the
two ends of the
rectangular hollow.

12. Uses of periscope
• Periscopes are found in a variety of
applications but they are almost synonymous
with their use in submarines.
• In a similar 'threat detection' application,
periscopes are often used on battlefields to look
out of trenches safely without exposing the
observer's body.

13. USE IN SUBMARINE
• The periscopes allow the
submarine to search visually
for the nearby targets and
threats on the surface of the
water and in the air when they
are submerged at a shallow
depth .
• The periscope is used
in the submarines to see the
events which happening
behind a wall or a barrier , and
some submarines use complex
periscopes which use the
prisms instead of mirrors to
provide them the
magnification .

14. USE IN TANK
• Tanks use periscopes extensively:
they allow military personnel to
check out their situation without
leaving the safety of the tank.
• An important development,
the Gundlach rotatry periscope,
incorporated a rotating top,
allowing a tank commander to
obtain a 360-degree field of view
without moving his seat.
• This design, patented by Rudolf
Gundlach in 1936, first used in
the Polish 7-TP light tank (produced
from 1935 to 1939).

15. USE IN MEDICINE
• One of the most widely used applications for periscopes is
in medicine. They're a less obtrusive method for looking
into the human body to detect illness and disease than
surgery is and are used in endoscopes.
USE IN LABOROTRAY
• The periscope is used to monitor the dangerous chemical
reactions in the laboratory , and they are used in
observing the nuclear reactors .

16. USE IN FUEL TANKS
• The periscopes are used to observe the dangerous places ,
they are used in the fuel tanks to see around and above
the vehicles .