An arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis measures pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels in arterial blood to assess lung and acid-base balance functions of the body. It helps identify respiratory or metabolic acidosis or alkalosis. The ABG measures pH, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, bicarbonate, and oxygen saturation. Conditions that can cause respiratory acidosis include COPD, asthma, and pneumonia which result in carbon dioxide retention. Respiratory alkalosis may occur due to hyperventilation during pregnancy, panic attacks, or sepsis. Metabolic acidosis can be caused by diabetic ketoacidosis, lactate excess, or renal disease. Metabolic alkalosis may be due to potassium loss