A guidance for student to write their laboratory report based on the KSSM. The good and bad example of graph also provided.

1. PHYSICS
LABORATORY
REPORT

2. Inference
01.
Hypothesis
02.
Aim
03.
Variables
04.
COMPONENTS OF A LAB REPORT
Apparatus
05.
Materials
06.
Procedure
07.
Results
08.
Analysis
09.
Conclusion
10.

3. Inference
01.
You can describe the topic of the section here

4. Inference
The period of oscillation of a
simple pendulum depends on its
length
influence by

5. Hypothesis
02.
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6. The longer the length of the
simple pendulum,
the longer its period of
oscillation

7. Aim
03.
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8. Aim
To investigate the relationship between the
length of a simple pendulum,l and the
period of oscillation of the simple
pendulum,T.

9. Variables
04.
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10. Variables
• Length of pendulum,l
Manipulated variable (what we changed)
• Period of oscillation of pendulum, T
Responding variable (what we observed)
• Mass of pendulum bob
Constant variable (what we keep)

11. Apparatus
05.
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12. Materials
06.
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13. Procedure
07.
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14. Procedure
1. The apparatus was set up as above.
2. The length of pendulum was adjusted 𝑙 = 20.0𝑐𝑚
3. The pendulum was displaced and has been released at the angle of less than 10° from the
vertical.
4. The time,t for 20 complete oscillations was measured and was recorded.
5. Step 4 was repeated and the time,𝑡2 was recorded.
6. The average time,𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 was calculated using a formula 𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒=
(𝑡1−𝑡2)
2
.
7. The period of oscillation, 𝑇 and the value of 𝑇2
was calculated by using 𝑇=
𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
20
.
8. Step 2 to 6 was repeated with the length of pendulum,
𝑙 = 30.0 𝑐𝑚, 40.0 𝑐𝑚, 50.0 𝑐𝑚, 60.0 𝑐𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 70.0 𝑐𝑚 .
1. The data was recorded in the table.

15. Results
08.
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16. Results
Length of
pendulum,
𝑙/𝑐𝑚
Time for 20 complete oscillations, 𝑡/𝑠
𝑇/𝑠 𝑇2/𝑠2
𝑡1 𝑡2 𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0

17. Analysis
09.
You can describe the topic of the section here

18. Plot a graph
Step in plotting a graph
1. Identify x-axis (manipulated variable) and y-axis (responding
variables)
2. Identify the scales of your graph (don’t use odd scale and
jump scale!!!)
3. Number and label each axis and title the graph
4. Plot the data
5. Draw the graph by finding the Best Fit Line
6. Find the gradient of the graph

19. Graph of 𝑻 against 𝒍 and 𝑻𝟐
against 𝒍

20. Gradient of the graph (𝑻𝟐
𝒂𝒈𝒂𝒊𝒏𝒔𝒕 𝒍)
Formula of the gradient, state in the S.I unit .
𝑚 =
𝑦2 − 𝑦1
𝑥2 − 𝑥1
Draw a triangle :

21. Value of g
Given,
𝑇2
= 4𝜋2
𝑙
𝑔
where g is the Earth’s gravitational acceleration. Determine the value of g in
this experiment.

22. Conclusion
10.
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23. Conclusion
The length of simple pendulum is
directly proportional to the square of
the period of oscillation