2. Tuberculosis is a
leading cause of death
worldwide (~1.4
million)*
Namibia
Population: 2.1 million
In 2009: TB case
notification rate of 634
per 100 000**
In 2010: TB case
notification rate of 589
*WHO
** MoHSS
Introduction and background
3. • Pulmonary TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
– Lung is the prime target for infections
• TB is one of the opportunistic infections in HIV-AIDS
patients
Introduction and background information
6. Lipid-Rich Cell Wall of Mycobacterium
Mycolic acids
CMN Group:
Unusual cell wall
lipids (mycolic
acids,etc.)
(Purified Protein Derivative)
7. Acid-Fast (Kinyoun) Stain of
Mycobacterium
NOTE: cord growth (serpentine
arrangement) of virulent strains
8. Photochromogenic Mycobacterium
kansasii on Middlebrook Agar
NOTE: Mycobacteria pathogenic
for humans can be differentiated
(Runyon Groups) by:
speed of growth (all are
slower than most other
pathogens) and by
production of chromogenic
pigments (in light, in dark,
or none)
13. Diagram
of a
Granuloma
NOTE: ultimately a
fibrin layer develops
around granuloma
(fibrosis), further
“walling off” the
lesion.
Typical progression
in pulmonary TB
involves caseation,
calcification and
cavity formation.
47. Diagram
of a
Granuloma
NOTE: ultimately a
fibrin layer develops
around granuloma
(fibrosis), further
“walling off” the
lesion.
Typical progression
in pulmonary TB
involves caseation,
calcification and
cavity formation.REVIEW