(12) session 12 introduction to organic chemistry
•
1 like•121 views
Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
Recommended
More Related Content
What's hot
What's hot (20)
Similar to (12) session 12 introduction to organic chemistry
Similar to (12) session 12 introduction to organic chemistry (20)
More from Nixon Hamutumwa
More from Nixon Hamutumwa (14)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
(12) session 12 introduction to organic chemistry
- 1. 02/03/2012 1 Session 12 UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry1 Introduction toIntroduction toIntroduction toIntroduction to OrganicOrganicOrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistryChemistryChemistry Dr L.H.A. Prins (Ph.D.) Dept. of Pharmacy UNAM Learning outcomes UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry2 By the end of the session students should be able to Define terms related to organic chemistry Outline the applications of organic chemistry in medicine Identify commonly used organic compounds Review the chemistry of the carbon atom/element Identify the major classes/groups of organic compounds Explain the general properties of organic compounds
- 2. 02/03/2012 2 Importance ofImportance ofImportance ofImportance of Organic ChemistryOrganic ChemistryOrganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry3 Why is it important? >90% of compounds are organic You will need the knowledge on organic chemistry to understand Biochemistry Pharmacology Therapeutics Clinical chemistry In addition for the Pharmacy students: Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmacognosy History of Vital Force Theory UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry4 Late 18th century: Compounds from living organisms – Organic Compounds from lifeless matter – Inorganic Organic compounds thought to have ‘vital force’ Inorganic materials could be converted to organic materials in the presence of a vital force found only in living bodies 1828 -Wöhler discredited concept of ‘vital force’ Synthesised Urea (Organic) from Ammonium cyanate (Inorganic)
- 3. 02/03/2012 3 Key DefinitionsKey DefinitionsKey DefinitionsKey Definitions UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry5 Organic = Carbon compounds. Chemistry = Study of structure, properties and changes compounds undergo. Organic Chemistry = Chemistry of Carbon compounds Branch of Chemistry that deals with the study of Carbon compounds their structure and properties and changes they undergo. Excludes simple compounds like CO, CO2 C C C C C C Key Terms,Key Terms,Key Terms,Key Terms, refer to general chemistry UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry6 Molecule/Compound Structure Bond Nomenclature Inorganic Homologous series Melting point Boiling point Polar Non-polar
- 4. 02/03/2012 4 Application ofApplication ofApplication ofApplication of Organic ChemistryOrganic ChemistryOrganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry7 In medicine and pharmacy Medicines are grouped according to chemical structures, e.g Penicillins (ß-lactam antibiotics) In Biochemistry to understand simple molecules Body waste products like Urea are organic compounds Predicting therapeutic uses Predicting adverse effects of medicines Predicting medicine interactions Structure activity relationship Medicine development and synthesis of medicines Some organic chemicals UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry8 DNA Essential oils Medicines •Active pharmaceutical ingredients •Excipients Materials Fuels Pigments
- 5. 02/03/2012 5 Organic chemicals make upOrganic chemicals make upOrganic chemicals make upOrganic chemicals make up Foods and foodstuff Flavours and fragrances Medicines Materials, polymers, plastics Plant, animal and microbial matter A vast range of other manufactured goods Pharmaceuticals, dyestuffs, adhesives Coatings, packaging, lubricants Cosmetics, films & fibres, etc. etc. 9 UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry10 Review of Carbon ChemistryReview of Carbon ChemistryReview of Carbon ChemistryReview of Carbon Chemistry ((((iiii)))) Atomic StructureAtomic StructureAtomic StructureAtomic Structure Protons, neutrons, and electrons Isotopes C 12 6 6C 14
- 6. 02/03/2012 6 (ii)(ii)(ii)(ii) Modes ofModes ofModes ofModes of Carbon BondingCarbon BondingCarbon BondingCarbon Bonding UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry11 Ability of carbon to bond with itself (Covalent bonding) Unique property that differentiates carbon from the other elements Allows the formation of so many different organic compounds Carbon can form a single, double and triple bond with another carbon atom Carbon also forms single, double and triple bonds with elements other than carbon Usually oxygen (O), nitrogen (N), sulfur (S) and the halogens (X) (iii)(iii)(iii)(iii) Configuration ofConfiguration ofConfiguration ofConfiguration of CarbonCarbonCarbonCarbon UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry12 Electron configuration of Carbon (C): 1s2 2s2 2p2 (Ground state) 1s2 2s1 2p3 (Excited state) Covalent bonds: sharing of electrons between atoms Carbon: can accept 4 electrons from other atoms i.e. Carbon is tetravalent (Valency = 4)
- 7. 02/03/2012 7 Classification of Organic compoundsOrganic compoundsOrganic compoundsOrganic compounds by functional groupsfunctional groupsfunctional groupsfunctional groups AAAA functional groupfunctional groupfunctional groupfunctional group is an atom or a group of atoms with characteristicis an atom or a group of atoms with characteristicis an atom or a group of atoms with characteristicis an atom or a group of atoms with characteristic chemical and physical properties.chemical and physical properties.chemical and physical properties.chemical and physical properties. 13 Hydrocarbons Halo-alkanes (Alkyl-halides) Alcohols Ethers Aldehydes Ketones Carboxylic acids Esters Amines Amides Importance of Functional Groups UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry14 A functional group determines all of the following properties of a molecule: Bonding and shape Type and strength of intermolecular forces Physical properties Nomenclature Chemical reactivity
- 8. 02/03/2012 8 Classification: Hydrocarbons UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry15 Classification: Compounds with σ bonds UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry16
- 9. 02/03/2012 9 Classification: Compounds C=O bonds UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry Properties ofProperties ofProperties ofProperties of Organic CompoundsOrganic CompoundsOrganic CompoundsOrganic Compounds Typical organic compounds have covalent bonds have low melting points have low boiling points are flammable are soluble in non-polar solvents are not soluble in water. oil (organic) and water (inorganic) 18 UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry18
- 10. 02/03/2012 10 Properties ofProperties ofProperties ofProperties of Organic CompoundsOrganic CompoundsOrganic CompoundsOrganic Compounds 19 Stability: composed of stable C-C covalent bonds Defined molecular structures Defined three-dimensional shapes UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry Comparing Organic and InorganicComparing Organic and InorganicComparing Organic and InorganicComparing Organic and Inorganic CompoundsCompoundsCompoundsCompounds 20 UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry20
- 11. 02/03/2012 11 Quiz: Intro. to organic chemistryQuiz: Intro. to organic chemistryQuiz: Intro. to organic chemistryQuiz: Intro. to organic chemistry Identify each characteristic as most typical of compounds that are 1) inorganic 2) organic. A. has a high melting point B. is not soluble in water C. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3 D. has a formula MgCl2 E. burns easily in air F. has covalent bonds 21 UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry21 Thank you UNAM SOM, Organic Chemistry22 END