1. Agricultural management involves the science and application of practices related to food production, including farming techniques, animal domestication, and food processing. 2. Careers in agricultural management can involve a wide range of activities from laboratory research to working with farm labor in fields, and the management of agricultural production systems aims to meet growing global food demand in a sustainable way. 3. Key strategies for agricultural management include using the highest yielding crop strains, integrated pest management, crop rotation, irrigation, fertilizer management, and conservation practices to protect soil and water quality while improving yields.

1. BY
NISAR
AHMAD
2018
AGRICULTURAL
MANAGMENT
SUBMITTED TO:MADAM NAILA
GUL
SUBMITTED BY : NISAR
AHMAD
ROLLNO:ZO220162054
SEMESTER:M.SC 3RD

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.AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT
Agriculture is a Latin word “agri” means “field” and “cultura” means’’
“culture or cultivation”.
Agricultural Management Practices is the study and application of
economic and management principles that are used in the production,
transformation and marketing of food and other agricultural products.
Human needs food as a source of energy and for a tissue replacement
and the source of much of this food is terrestrial agriculture. In this man
made non-urban ecosystem, a high level of input of matter and energy is
maintained to keep the system stable in order to yield preferred crop.
Agriculture is the most important economic sector of many developing
countries. Agricultural production systems are expected to produce food
for a global population that will amount to 9.1 billion people in 2050 and
over 10 billion by the end of the century (UNFPA 2011).Meeting the food
demand of a global population will require major changes in agricultural
production systems without further degrading soil and water resources.
 The various strategies for managing a farm can generally be categorized
into agricultural systems. These agricultural management strategies
typically describe whether farmers use pesticides or are organic,
whether they are self-contained or interact with the surrounding
environment, and whether farmers use strict measurements and plans or
follow their intuition to make decisions on their farms.
Agricultural management is an occupation that involves the science of
food production. It deals with farming techniques, the domestication of

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animals, and the general processing of food. There are many agricultural
jobs that require management, especially on projects working in the
scientific disciplines and with farm labor. With the changing dynamics of
global food production, this field is one of the fastest growing in the
world.
.
The work environment for someone who works in this field varies
drastically depending on where the individual works and the demands of
the employer. Some are involved in the strict science aspects, spending
much of their time in laboratories or kitchens. Others work with farm
labor to find better and safer pesticides and herbicides in large fields.
The overall concerns of agricultural labor management also leads to a
variety of working conditions. With the rise in industrial farming
companies and the consolidation of major market food production, a
person could just as easily find himself in a tall office building in the
middle of the city, far from any food production whatsoever.
As the field grows, education and training have become a major priority
for many companies. In order to understand the full scope of the
industry, most employers require at minimum a bachelor’s degree.
Research and scientific roles, however, may often require post-graduate
education, quite possibly even a doctoral degree. Since safety and
speed have increasingly become important, understanding the biology of
agriculture helps dramatically. In specific, the field of genetics proves to
continue being one of the most important aspects of agricultural
management, helping to create new strains of food, while also causing
controversy amongst scientists, politicians, and the public.

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Since concepts like productivity and food safety play such an important
role in the food supply of the world, agricultural management careers
have high potential. Outbreaks of contaminated food sources have
prompted new government regulatory bodies to manage the process of
food production from both plant and animal sources. In addition,
population growth and the use of certain foods such as corn as biofuel
has limited the growth potential of the industry. The goal today is to
strive for new ways to produce the necessary amount of food for the
growing population, while maintaining the quality that society has come
to expect from its food sources
There are number of ways:
1. Highest yielding strain of crop plants should be grown under
proper conditions of cultivation and on the right site.
2. Genetically modified strains should be used with disease
resistance and drought resistance genes.
3. Weeds must be eradicated.
4. Crop cover should be used to lead to higher yields. A cover crop is
a plant that is used primarily to slow erosion, improves soil health.
Enhances water availability and helps to control diseases.
Kaumbutho et al. (2007) showed that maize yield increase from
1.2 to 1.8-2.0 t/ha in Kenya with the use of mucuna (velvet bean)
cover crop.
5. Crop rotation should be used to improve soil fertility and help to
control insect and diseases. The successive planting of different
crops on the same land is called crop rotation. For example, wheat

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is attacked by rust fungus and its spores are buried in the soil. If
wheat is cultivated again in the same field , next attack more
severe than the previous one because the spores have been
already established in the soil. A better strategy is to cultivate
alternate crop like maize. Use of legumes in the rotation gives
higher yields due to increased nitrogen in the soil.
6. Slash-and-burn is an agriculture technique that involves in the
cutting and burning of plants in forests or woodlands to create
fields. It is typically used in shifting cultivation agriculture. Shifting
cultivation is an agricultural system in which plots of land are
cultivated temporarily (1-5 years) than abandoned and allowed to
revert to their natural vegetation while the cultivator moves on to
another plot.
7. Pests and disease must be held in check effectively. Proper
spraying of pesticides and fungicides should be encouraged.
8. Proper water management can help capture more rainfall making
more water available to crops. In areas, where rainfall is
inadequate and uncertain, irrigation of soil is necessary. Canal
irrigation must be extended. Ground water exploration must be
carried out. Dams, new wells and tube wells should be
constructed.
9. The use of nitrogenous and gas fertilizers should be encouraged.
Best management practices for improving fertilizer use including
applying nutrients according to plant needs and placed correctly to
maximize uptake. Application in access of these needs have the
potential to enter the surface and ground water.
10. Appropriate policies livestock, fisheries, poultry and farming
should be executed and implemented.

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11. Financial facilities should be provided for the development of
agriculture in Pakistan.
12. Import and export should be regulated to prevent the
introduction or spread of exotic diseases and maintain quarantine
services of high standards to protect the livestock industry of
Pakistan and other countries.
13. Knowledge about modern techniques and science-based
solution to agriculture should be disseminated through print and
electronic media.
14. Veterinary laboratories should be established to support live
stock.
In Pakistan the following sectors are established for the
development and promotion of agriculture:
a) The Zarai Taraqiati Bank Limited (ZTBL) (formerly known as
Agriculture development bank of Pakistan).
b) The ministry of agriculture (Ministry of national food security and
research).
c) Animal Quarantine Department.
d) National Veterinary Laboratory.
e) Livestock and Diary development board.
f) Fisheries Development board.
g) Federal water managment cell.

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1)A farmer uses a tractor to yield a field before planting.
2)Agricultural management can include developing safer and
more effective crop pesticide.

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3) Individual work in the agriculture management field may
spend much of their time in laboratories.
4)Agriculture management involves the science of food
production.

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5)Agricultural management careers may involve the domestication
of animals.
6) A large field of rapeseed which is used to make biofuel.

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1. Conservation Tillage - leaving crop residue (plant materials from past
harvests) on the soil surface reduces runoff and soil erosion, conserves
soil moisture, helps keep nutrients and pesticides on the field, and
improves soil, water, and air quality;
2. Crop Nutrient Management - fully managing and accounting for all
nutrient inputs helps ensure nutrients are available to meet crop needs
while reducing nutrient movements off fields. It also helps prevent
excessive build up in soils and helps protect air quality;
3. Pest Management - varied methods for keeping insects, weeds,
disease, and other pests below economically harmful levels while
protecting soil, water, and air quality;
4. Conservation Buffers - from simple grassed waterways to riparian
areas, buffers provide an additional barrier of protection by capturing
potential pollutants that might otherwise move into surface waters.

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5. Irrigation Water Management – reducing nonpoint source pollution of
ground and surface waters caused by irrigation systems;
6. Grazing Management – minimizing the water quality impacts of
grazing and browsing activities on pasture and range lands;
7. Animal Feeding Operations (AFOs) Management - minimizing impacts
of animal feeding operations and waste discharges through runoff
controls, waste storage, waste utilization, and nutrient
management;
8. Erosion and Sediment Control - conserving soil and reducing the
mass of sediment reaching a water body, protecting both agricultural
land and water quality and habitat.
These agricultural management strategies typically describe
whether farmers use pesticides or are organic, whether they are
self-contained or interact with the surrounding environment, and
whether farmers use strict measurements and plans or follow their
intuition to make decisions on their farms.
REFERENCES:www.wisegeek.org