tells about different protein seen in extracellular matrix

1. EXTRACELLULAR
MATRIX
PRESENTED BY NIDHILANGELO M M

2. INTRODUCTION
• Extracellular matrix is a 3D network of extracellular macromolecules, such as
collagen, enzymes and glycoprotein, that provide structural and biochemical
support to surrounding cells.

3. FUNCTIONS
• Provide support and anchorage for cell
• Regulate and determine cells dynamic behavior like polarity of cells , cell
differentiation, adhesion and migration.
• Provides mechanical support for tissues and organ architecture regeneration
and healing processes , determination and maintenance of the structure.

4. COMPOSITON
• 1. Structural proteins
• 2. Specialized proteins
• 3. Proteoglycans

5. 1.STRUCTURAL PROTENS
- Collagen
- Elastin
- Fibrin

6. - COLLAGEN
• Is the most abundant protein in animals.
• Is the main component of fascia, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, bones
and skin.
• It has a great tensile strength

7. Functions
• Cell differentiation
• Polarity
• Movement
• Tissue and organ development

8. Structure
• Is a triple helix of 3 α chains
• The structure consist of Gly - x – y repeate in aleft handed turn
• x is frequently a proline and y is frequently a hydroxylysine or
hydroxyproline(mostly).

10. Genetic defects
• Ehlers – Danler syndrome
• Osteogenesis imperfect (brittle bone)
• Chondrodysplasia
• scurvy

11. ELASTIN
• Is a major component of tissues that require elasticity such as arteries,
lungs, bladder, skin and elastic ligaments and cartilage.

12. Structure
• Elatin is composed of soluble tropoelestin protein containing primary
glycine and valine also modified alanine and proline residues.
• It is a 750 aminoacid lond protein that is highly cross linked to form an
insoluble, rubberlike elastin fiber.
• There are two types of elastin fibres
- Oxytalan fibres
- Elaunin fibres

13. Functions
• Cardiovascular system
• Respiratory system
• Intestine
• Skin - Tension , elasticity , Tensile strength

15. Disorders
• Cutis laxa
• Wrinkly skin syndrome
• Actinic elastosis

16. Fibrilin
• Is large glycoprotein
• Is secreted by extra cellular fibroblast.
• Found commonly in zonular fibers of the lens, periosteum and arterial
wall.
• A group of 3 proteins, fibrilin -1, -2 and -3

17. Functions
• Maintaining the structural integrity.
• Regulation of cytokines-TGF-β

18. 2.SPECIALISED PROTEIN
- Laminin
- Fibronectin

19. - LAMININ
• Is a cross shaped glycoprotein.
• Found in peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglion, skeletal muscle and
capillaries.

21. FUNCTIONS
• Is a cell surface receptor,cell adhesion and cell differentiation.
• Is required for synaptic specialization.
• Have role in neural development and peripheral nerve repair.

22. FIBRONECTIN
• Is a high molecular weight glycoprotein.
• Exist as protein dimer, consisting of two nearly identical monomers linked
monomers linked by a pair of disulphide bond.

23. TYPES
• There are two types
• - Soluble plasma fibronectin:- Also known as cold insoluble globulin or
Clg. And is a major component of blood plasma and is produced in the liver
by hepatocytes.
• - Insoluble cellular fibronectin :- Is the major component of extracellular
matrix, secreted by fibroblasts as a soluble protein dimer and is then
assembled into an insoluble matrix in a complex cell mediated process
produced by connective tissue , bone.

24. FUNCTION
• Cell adhesion, growth, migration and differentiation.
• Also in wound healing and embryonic development.

25. PROTEOGLYCANS
• Are proteins linked covalently to Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
• Protein bound covalently to GAGs are called core proteins.
• GAGs is an unbranched polysaccharide chains composed of repeating
disaccharide units consist of uronic acid and amino acid.

27. SYNTHESIS
• It starts with core protein synthesis from ribosomes on RER.
• The addition of GAGs takes place in the golgi bodies.
• The units in the saccharide chains are elongated in altering acidic or amino
sugars,donated from UDP derivatives trough specific glycosyl transferase.

28. FUNCTIONS
• Organize water molecule.
• Occupy space between cells and collagen.
• High viscosity(act as lubricating agent).
• Cell migration and adhesion.
• Anchoring cells to matrix.

29. Hyaluronan

30. Chondritin sulphate

31. DERMATAN SULPHATE

32. HEPARIN
• Heparin is linked to its cpre protein through a bond with serine.
• Heparin binds lipoprotein lipase in endothelial cell walls and puts them into
circulation.

33. HEPARAN SULPHATE
• Found in basement membranes, secretory vesicles.
• They are highly sulphate heparin.
• Membrane heparin sulphate act as endocytic receptors for clearance of
bound ligands.
• Can act as receptors for protease and protease inhibitors.

34. KERATAN SULPHATE