8. Background and creation of UN
• The name "United Nations" coined by United States
President Franklin D. Roosevelt
• The forerunner of the United Nations was the League of
Nations (1919 - under the Treaty of Versailles)
• The United Nations – 24 October 1945
9.
10. General Assembly
• May resolve non-compulsory recommendations to states or suggestions
to the Security Council (UNSC)
• Decides on the admission of new members
• Adopts the budget
• Elects:
• the non-permanent members of the UNSC
• all members of ECOSOC
• the UN Secretary General (following his/her proposal by the UNSC)
• the 15 judges of the International Court of Justice (ICJ)
• Each country has one vote.
11. Security Council
• Responsible for the
maintenance of
international peace and
security
• May adopt compulsory
resolutions
• Has 15 members:
• 5 permanent members with
veto power
• 10 elected members
12. Secretariat
Supports the other UN bodies
administratively
Its chairperson – the UN Secretary
General – is elected by the General
Assembly for a five-year mandate and
is the UN's foremost representative
Ban Ki-moon
13. Economic and Social Council
• Responsible for co-operation between states as regards economic
and social matters
• Coordinates co-operation between the UN's numerous specialized
agencies
• Has 54 members, elected by the General Assembly to serve three-
year mandates.
14. Trusteeship Council
• Was originally designed to manage colonial possessions
that were former League of Nations mandates
• Has been inactive since 1994, when Palau, the last trust
territory, attained independence
15. International Court of Justice
• Decides disputes between
states that recognize its
jurisdiction
• Issues legal opinions
• Renders judgement by
relative majority
• 15 judges are elected by
the UN General Assembly
for nine-year terms
19. Human Rights
• One of the UN's primary purposes is "promoting and
encouraging respect for human rights and for fundamental
freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex,
language, or religion", and member states pledge to
undertake "joint and separate action" to protect these
rights.
20. Human Rights
Universal
Declaration of
Human Rights
1948
Convention on
the Elimination
of All Forms of
Discrimination
against Women
1979
the General
Assembly
adopted the
Convention on
the Rights of
the Childs
1989 2006
Declaration
on the
Rights of
Indigenous
Peoples
2011
first
resolution
recognizin
g the
Rights of
LGBT
Peoples
1993
The United
Commission on
Human Rights
was formed
22. CEDAW
• 19th Amendment which granted women the right to vote
• Working conditions and wages were better for women
• Women had more job opportunities
• Women could be in politics
• Birth control
• Better lives for women
32. Justice and International Law
“ Establishing respect for the rule of law is fundamental to
achieving a durable peace in the aftermath of conflict, to
the effective protection of human rights, and to sustained
economic progress and development “
54. • Many nations plead for support from the
United Nations
• The blue helmets of UN peacekeepers
represent stability and safety.
55. • In the 1990s, peacekeeping
forces saw a rapid rise in child
prostitution.
• Senior officials in the United
Nations refused to condemn the
peacekeepers
58. • The fighting forced 196,000 people
to flee, and trapped over 50,000
civilians.
• the United Nations made no
attempts to intervene on behalf of
the civilian population
• From January to April of 2009, over
6,500 civilians were killed in this so-
called “safe-zone”
63. • UN finally took action, outlawing
terrorism and punishing those
responsible for the attacks.
• But it only applied only to Al
Qaeda and the Taliban.