Dive into the fascinating world of hematopoiesis with our meticulously crafted PDF presentation on SlideShare. "Hematopoiesis: Unraveling the Intricacies of Blood Cell Formation" offers an in-depth exploration of the complex process through which the human body generates various blood cells. From the bone marrow to the bloodstream, this comprehensive presentation sheds light on the molecular mechanisms, regulatory factors, and cellular interactions that orchestrate hematopoiesis. Key Highlights: Fundamental Concepts: Understand the fundamental principles of hematopoiesis, including the differentiation of stem cells into diverse blood cell types such as red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Cellular Maturation: Explore the stages of cellular maturation, from hematopoietic stem cells to fully differentiated blood cells, unraveling the intricate pathways and signaling cascades involved in the process. Regulatory Factors: Delve into the role of key regulatory factors and cytokines that govern hematopoiesis, deciphering their influence on cell fate decisions and proliferation. Clinical Relevance: Gain insights into the clinical significance of hematopoiesis, including its relevance in the context of hematological disorders, bone marrow transplantation, and therapeutic interventions. Cutting-Edge Research: Stay updated with the latest advancements in hematopoiesis research, exploring innovative techniques, emerging therapies, and ongoing studies that push the boundaries of our understanding. This PDF presentation is a valuable resource for students, researchers, and healthcare professionals seeking a comprehensive overview of hematopoiesis. Whether you're a medical student, biologist, or simply curious about the marvels of the human body, this SlideShare document will enrich your knowledge and provide a deeper understanding of how our bodies produce the essential components that sustain life. Download now and embark on a journey through the intricacies of hematopoiesis!

1. Hematopoiesis

2. What is blood?
Composition:
• A vital red fluid / liquid that circulate in our vascular
• The red liquid that circulates in the arteries and veins of humans and other
vertebrate animals
Function :
Transportation: delivery of nutrients, hormones, enzymes, wastes, and gases
(carrying oxygen to and carbon dioxide from the tissues of the body)
Protection:
❑leukocytes (WBCs) → destroy invaders and cancer cells
❑immunoglobins → destroy invaders
❑Clotting → stops breeding after injury of tissues

3. What is blood?
3. Regulation:
❑PH → by interacting between acids and basis , we need slightly basic PH to
ensure the proper condition for metabolism
❑Water balance → maintain it by transfer water to and from tissues
4. Osmotic pressure: maintain it by albumin
5. Temperature:
Color:
❑Red opaque fluid (non-transparent fluid)
❑Blood in the arteries is a brighter red than blood in the veins because of the
higher levels of oxygen found in the arteries

4. What is blood?
Weight:
❑Blood constitutes approximately 8% of an adult's body weight
❑Females have around 4-5 liters.
❑males have around 5-6 liters.
Temperature:
❑temperature is 38 degrees Celsius (100.4 degrees F).
❑It is always slightly higher than the normal human body temperature of 37
degrees C (98.6 degrees F).
PH:
❑IT has a pH of 7.35 - 7.40 making it slightly basic.
Viscosity:
❑Whole blood is about 4.5-5.5 times higher than water (more resistant to flow
than water)

5. Blood
Plasma (46-
63%)
Formed
elements (37-
54%)
Blood cells Platelets
• Mostly water (90-
91%)
• solids (8-9%)
• Gases (<1%)
• A clear straw
color extracellular
fluid.
• holds blood
components

6. Formed cells
Erythrocytes
(RBCs)
99% of formed cells
Leukocytes (WBCs)
Thrombocytes
(Platelets)

7. • During centrifugation:
1. Red blood cells sink (go down) to the
bottom to make up hematocrit
2. WBCs and platelets form a narrow
cream-colored coat known as the
buffy coat
3. the plasma floats to the top
How to separate blood components?
• by centrifugation at high speed according
to their densities

8. 1. RBCs
• Red blood cells sink (go down) to the
bottom to make up hematocrit.
• Hematocrit is a medical term that refers
to the volume percentage of red blood
cells in the blood.
How to calculate
hematocrit % ?
By estimating height of
hematocrit and the total
height of the whole blood
in the tube
• Hematocrit % = height of hematocrit
/total height of the whole blood *100

9. • Hematocrit values vary depending on:
1. sex
2. age
3. environmental conditions
• Normal ranges are:
❑Females →38-45%
❑Males → 40-50%
❑Athletes →50%
• But, in High Altitude residents:
❑Females →41% - 56%
❑Males →45% - 61%
1. RBCs
If Values of
hematocrit much
lower than

10. 2. WBCs and platelets
• They form a narrow
cream-colored coat
known as the buffy coat
(about 1% of the total
volume) immediately
above the RBCs.
• buffy coat that settle
over the RBCs

11. 3.plasma
• Clear straw color fluid that holds components
• Contains:
➢Non-protein substances:
▪ Urea
▪ Uric acid
▪ Creatinine
▪ Creatine
➢Proteins:
▪ Albumin → most abundant protein in plasma and maintain the osmotic pressure of tissues
▪ Globulin
▪ Fibrinogen → clotting factors like prothrombin
➢Lipids Fatty Acids
➢Enzymes
➢Hormones
➢Glucose
➢Nutrients
➢Wastes

12. Plasma Vs serum
• Clear straw color fluid
• Mixture of nutrients, gases,
wastes, lipids + Clotting Factor
• Clear straw color fluid
• Mixture of nutrients, gases,
wastes, lipids EXCEPT Clotting
Factors

13. Hematopoiesis
Hematopoietic
stem cells
(HSCs)
Hematopoietic
tissues
Hematopoiesis

14. • The developmental of HSC occurs
under specific conditions :
1. Growth factor
2. Certain chemical messenger
Hematopoietic tissues

15. HSC developed
into
Erythrocytes
(erythropoiesis)
Leukocytes
(leukopoiesis)
Granulocytes
Basophils Eosinophils Neutrophils
Agranulocytes
Monocytes Lymphocytes
Major portion
B-cells T-cells
Minor portion
K-cells NK-cells
Thrombocytes
(thrombopoiesis)