taeniasis work of tapeworm

1. Nadella neeraj krishna
Sem- 9
Group 9
Guided by : NATALIYA MADAM

2. Tape worm
 a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm
species
 Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm),
 Taenia solium (pork tapeworm),
 Taenia asiatica (Asian tapeworm).
 Humans can become infected with these
tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked beef .
 People with tape worm may not know they have a
tapeworm infection because symptoms are usually
mild or nonexistent.
 T.solium tapeworm infections can lead
to cysticercosis, which can cause seizures, so it is
important seek treatment.

3. Epidemiology
 Infections with T. saginata occur wherever
contaminated raw beef is eaten, particularly
in Eastern Europe, Russia, eastern Africa
and Latin America.
 Taenia asiatica is limited to Asia and is seen
mostly in the Republic of Korea, China,
Taiwan, Indonesia, and Thailand.
 A disease called cysticercosis can occur
when T. solium tapeworm eggs are ingested.
For example, people with poor hygiene who
have taeniasis — with or without symptoms
— will shed tapeworm eggs in their feces and
might accidentally contaminate their
environment.

4. Life cycle

5. Life cycle
 It inhabits in the upper jejunum and has a
scolex with four prominent suckers. It can
reach 8 m in length and has 1000 to 2000
proglottids.
 Eggs are deposited on vegetations. They are
alive for months or years until they are
ingested by cattle or other herbivores.
 The embryo released after ingestion invades
the intestinal wall and is carried to striated
muscle.
 There, they get transformed into cysticercus.
In humans it takes 2 months for the mature
adult worm to develop from cysticercus.

6. Clinical Features
 Mild abdominal discomfort,
 change in appetite pattern,
 nausea,
 weakness and weight loss can occur.
 Patients are aware of the infection by noting passage
of motile proglottids in the stool and they have
perianal discomfort when proglottids are passed.
 Patients with T. saginata taeniasis often experience
more symptoms that those with T. solium because
the T. saginata tapeworm is larger in size (up to 10
meters (m)) than T. solium (usually 3 m).
 In rare cases, tapeworm segments become lodged
in the appendix, or the bile and pancreatic ducts.

7. Investigations
 Detection of eggs or proglottids in the stool.
 Cellophane-tape swab taken from the perianal
region is useful when proglottids are not seen in the
stool.Since the eggs are identical, to differentiate
betweenT. saginata and T. solium-mature proglottids
or scolex must be examined.
 Serologic tests are not useful.
 Eosinophilia and elevated levels of IgE can be
detected
 Stool specimens should be collected on three
different days and examined in the lab.
 eggs can be detected in the stool 2 to 3 months after
the tapeworm infection is established.

9. Management
 single dose of praziquantel 10 mg/kg is highly
effective.
 The alternative therapy is single dose of
2 gm niclosamide or nitazoxanide chewable .
 Prevention is by adequate cooking of meat
(56°C for 5 minutes).
 Refrigeration or salting for long periods or
freezing at 10°C for 10 days kills cysticerci in
the beef.
 General prevention is by proper inspection of
beef and proper disposal of human faeces.

10. Prevention
 A food thermometer should be used to
measure the internal temperature of cooked
meat. Do not sample meat until it is cooked.
 For Whole Cuts of Meat (excluding poultry)
Cook to at least 145° F (63° C) as measured
with a food thermometer placed in the thickest
part of the meat, then allow the meat to rest* for
three minutes before carving or consuming.
 For Ground Meat (excluding poultry)
Cook to at least 160° F (71° C); ground meats
do not require a rest* time.

11. Thank you